4 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER; 
October 7. 
chief. I shall he auxioiis to know the result. From all 
tliese circumstances you will easily conceive that my situ¬ 
ation in this country is not very pleasant. 
He retired from New South Wales in the spring of 
1810, and among the deaths recorded in that year, we 
find this entry. “June 21st. At sea, on hoard His 
Majesty’s ship Dromedary, Colonel William Paterson, 
Lieutenant-colonel of the 102nd regiment, F.R.S., 
Member of the Asiatic Society, and many years Lieu¬ 
tenant-Governor of New South Wales, from which 
colony he was returning to England in the command 
of the 102nd Regiment.” 
The following is a list of the Horticultural and 
Poultry Shows of which we are at present aware. We 
shall be obliged by any of our readers sending us ad¬ 
ditions to the list, and giving the address of the Se¬ 
cretaries. 
HORTICULTURAL SHOWS. 
Buev St. Edmunds, Nov. 20 (Chrysanthemums). {Sec. 
G. P. Clay, Esq.) 
CAI.EDONIAN (Inverleith Row), Edinburgh, Dec. 2. 
Hampshire, Nov. 18 CWinchester). {Sec. Rev. F. Wick¬ 
ham, Winchester.) 
London Eloeicultueal (Exeter Hall, Strand), Oct. 12+, 
Nov. 9+, 23, Dec. 14+. 
North London, Nov. 23, Chrysanthemum. 
South London (Royal), Oct. 14 +,Nov. 11+, Dec.Ot, 10. 
POULTRY SHOWS. 
Birshnoham and Midland Counties, 14th, 15th, 10th, 
and 17th December. 
Bristol Agricultural, December 7th, 8th, and 9th. 
{Sec. James Marmont.) 
Cornwall (Penzance), about a week after the Birming¬ 
ham. {Secs. Rev. W. W. Wingfield, Gulval Vicarage, 
and E. H. Rodd, Esq.) 
Dorchester, Nov. 18th. {Sec., G. J. Andrews, Esq., Dor¬ 
chester.) 
t For seedlings only. 
PINE-CULTURE: THE HAMILTONIAN MODE. 
We have, during the last few months, received so 
many queries, or hoard inquiries about Pine-culture, 
from persons of moderate means, who wish to indulge 
occasionally in that luxury, and occasionally to make 
the fruit, by sale, pay the expenses incurred, that we 
think it will be but an act of justice to take up the 
subject in a step-by-step way; the dryness, or tedium, 
necessarily attending this course in the eyes of the 
experienced, will, we hope, be excused for the sake of 
the class alluded to. Too much generalisation befits 
not persons of this caste; they want the very alphabet 
of culture itself; and to make ourselves useful, wo must, 
to use an apposite saying, “ begin at the beginning.” 
As much confusion has continually arisen from a 
jumbling together the pot and the open-soil modes, we 
must, in this series of papers, confine ourselves to the 
open-soil, or Hamiltonian mode of culture, believing it 
to bo the very best of all for the amateur; being the 
easiest to learn, on account of its extreme simplicity, 
and requiring so small an amount of labour and atten¬ 
tion. It is somewhat fortunate that the subject should 
force itself at this period upon us, when, of all others, 
jjcrhaps, the least advice is required in other affairs. 
Structure for Pine-culture.— We come here to the 
consideration of the form, the angle, or roof pitch, the 
glass, the interior fittings, Ac., each of wliich wull be 
handled in due course. Having much faith in our 
friend Hamilton, whose long experience in this matter, j 
to say nothing of his being the originator of this system, I 
highly qualifies him to offer advice, we have written to i 
him on the subject, in order to see if he is prepared, by , 
subsequent experience, to confirm what he had pre- , 
viously laid down in his useful book. He has most j 
kindly and fully answered the inquiries we had to make, ' 
and also permitted the use of his name, if necessary. 
Mr. Hamilton has, within these four or five years, built 
a new house for his pine system; and it will be well to 
give a detail of its character. It is a span-roofed structure, 
running east and west, thus presenting a south roof and 
a north one. The pitch of the roof is three-and-a-half 
inches to the foot, the length of the house fifty feet, and 
the breadth fifteen feet. There is a walk up the centre, 
beneath the ridge, of two feet in width; a bed of five 
feet on either side, and a trench, or cavity, eighteen 
inches, front and back, for the piping. This house 
holds one hundred plants, and, according to friend 
Hamilton, each plant ought to produce one full-sized, 
fruit annually, of some five to seven or eight pounds— 
to fix a weight for the purpose of enabling our readers 
to form a calculation. Of course, it will be understood, ' 
that whilst the weight here assumed would bo too much 
for such as the Queen section, so, in like manner, will 
it be below the standard for such as the Providences, 
Envilles, Cayennes, &c.;—thus much to obtain a clear 
view of the question. To return to the digressive point— 
the external character and dimensions of a house proper 
for this system—we come now to the mode of heating. 
“ Each bed,” says Mi-. H., “ would require two pipes, 
in order to equalize the heat at the roots of the pines; 
two would be far better than one of greater calibre, for 
it is not a high concentration of heat at one point that 
is requisite, but a steady and given amount equally 
diffused. Moreover, it will be seen, that in hot-water 
heating, although a circulation snay be established in 
one pipe or tank, yet it would be necessarily sluggish ; 
and a return pipe to the boiler ensures a lively circula¬ 
tion, in addition to the end in view—the equalization 
of the bottom warmth.” 
Thus much for bottom or ground-heat; now for 
atmospheric warmth, for which special piping is requi¬ 
site. Mr. H. says there should be two pipes back, and 
two in front, that is to say, a flow and a return belong¬ 
ing to it. It will here be seen what value is to bo 
attached to the idea of growing pines out-of-doors, in 
Britain, like so many artichokes. When such is well 
accomplished, rents will assuredly rise, for some thou¬ 
sands of acres will be needed for vineyards and pine- 
gardens, for the demand for both will be enormous. 
Thus it will be seen, that eight parallel lines of 
piping are considered requisite by ilr. Hamilton in such 
a house, and if pines are to be grown in the highest 
degree of perfection of which they are capable at any i 
season, we join in Mr. H.'s opinion. The beginner 
in pine-culture must here observe, that the pijies to 
heat the soil are no more than an equivalent for the 
loss of tan, or other fermenting material, so that such 
may be fairly left out of the question of exjiense; for 
although, in the event of tan-yards being close at hand, 
the bottom-heat from that source might be obtained at a 
cheaper rate, yet, when the extra labour and uncer¬ 
tainty are taken into consideration, a certain loss in tho 
end may bo counted on. When tan has to bo drawn 
half-a-dozen miles, we consider tho proceeding most 
preposterous, according to the old adage, “ penny wise 
and pound foolish; ” those, however, who do not care 
about winter-pines, but would rest content with a good 
lot of such as Queens, Providences, and Envilles, from 
June to October, may succeed with one-half of the 
piping for warming tho air of the house The bottom- 
licat piping, nevertheless, the same as before stated. ; 
To return to Mr. IL, he says, “my boiler is at one j 
