302 
THE COTTAGE GAEDENEK. 
January 20. 
is easily done, as the stalks and most of the leaves die 
down in tlie autumn. They are now very scarce, and 
can hardly be met with out of Botanic-gardens. It is 
on record, that a great ruiinber of them were lost in the 
hard winter of 1740, which were never introduced a 
second time. 1 never saw but three or four kinds of 
them, and tliat mauy years ago. They are not bulbs, 
but tuberous-rooted. 
Calliphrurta Hartweoiaxa. —This is a handsome 
flower that has never been figured yet. It was “sent 
out,” eiglit or nine years ago, by the Horticultural So¬ 
ciety, who had it from Hartweg. It was discovered by 
him at a iJace called Guaduas, in New Grenada. Dr. 
Herbert called it Hartwegiana, and described it in the 
Botanical Register for December, 1844, from specimens 
sent to him from the Society’s garden, where it flowered 
for the first time in March, 1844, along with the leaves. 
The flowers are green and white, and seven in the 
nmbel or flower-head ; the tube of the flower is greenish, 
and its lobes white, tinged with blush. The leaves are 
g^et'wlated, that is, broad above and tapering so much at 
the bottom as to become a footstalk, like a I’unkia-leaf. 
It seems to be related to Griffinia, and to be treated 
exactly like the more hardy Hippeastrums, requiring 
strong loam, good stove heat after the flowers are over, 
so as to get the leaves ripened well before they die down. 
Naturally, it seems a winter grower, but it is not posi¬ 
tively so, like Amaryllis. It can be made to grow and 
go to rest, just like a Ilipjgeastriun, either in ilay or 
September, or, by degrees, it would begin to grow at 
almost any season. There have been many mistakes 
about this fine bulb. There are two plants in cultiva¬ 
tion very different from each other, called Hartwegii 
and Herhertii. These two names are in the Botanical 
Register. The first and true name is in the body of the 
work, and Herbcrtii in the index; but there is only one 
bulb yet known in the genus. Dr. Herbert spells it 
GaUpkruria (from Kalos), but in the “ Vegetable 
Kingdom” it is CallipUrurki, which we followed in the 
Dictionary. The bulbs increase readily by side off-sets. 
Calol'HORTu.s. —This is a genus of very beautiful 
bulbs, found on the north-west coast of North America, 
and on to California. It was named by Pursh, a Prus¬ 
sian botanist, who travelled in North America, and 
wrote a book on the plants ho collected. The unfortu¬ 
nate Douglas was the next traveller who met with them, 
and he sent or brought over quantities of flowering 
bulbs of them to the Horticultural Society, by whom 
they were largely distributed to the Bellows. He also 
wrote a paper on the genus, which was read before the 
Society, and printed in their Transactions in 1828 
(Ilort. SoG. Trans., vol. vii.). They are hardy, or 
all but hardy, and are true Lilyworts, occupying an 
intermediate position betweeii the wild Tulips and the 
Eritillarias. The bulbs are solid, the leaves are strongly 
nerved, and the flowers of some of the species are large 
and very handsome. The southern limit of the race is 
in California, where they dwindle into mere dwarfs, and 
self-coloured flowers, such as the little yellow one which 
Hartweg met with in the valley of the Sacramento, and 
which is now in cultivation; but in his Journal he 
speaks of another of them, which he found in April, or 
early in May, but not just in flower. It was high up in 
the mountaias, and not far from the snow, then melting 
down and watering the soil, where this Calochortns was 
in line leaf. The last conversation I had with Mr. 
Hartweg was about this very bulb, and the whole genus, 
to see if I could trace out the cause wTij these beautiful 
bulbs had disappeared from cultivation. I flowered 
three of the best of them in pots, and while in the dry 
state; after that they died without any apparent cause. 
It was just the same all over the country, as far as I 
could learn; but I heard afterwards that Mr. Groom, 
the groat bulb-grower of Claifliam, has succeeded with 
them. Mr. Hartweg believes that none of them, but 
especially those discovered by Douglas in Oregon, or 
Colombia, should be grown in pots, but in peat borders, 
where they would be neither too wet nor too dry. My 
own opinion of them is, that we did not allow them 
sufficient time to ripen the leaves and bulbs, after 
flowering; that they are rather of the nature of Tigridia 
bulbs, and, like tliem, take a long time to ripen in our 
cold soil, and that, without being thoroughly ripe before 
they are allowed to go to rest, they will perish. Hartweg 
says, the little California species stand intense heat, and 
look perfectly green in the leaf after all the rest of the 
small herbage in these parts is scorched up. 
Calouhortus mackocarpcs (Large-fruited) is one of 
the finest we know of them—a large, wide, open flower, 
chiefly of a rich jmrple colour. 
Calochortus Venustus is, perhaps, the next best of 
them. Its flowers are as large as those of mucrocarpus ; 
pure w'hite in the upper parts, but the lower parts are 
clear creamy-yellow, and streaked with deep red marks, 
with a conspicuous spot at the bottom of each petal 
resembling a drop of blood. Altogether it is a charm¬ 
ing flow^er. 
Calochortus splendexs, —Equally beautiful, and 
more resembling macrocarpus than the last, being of a 
lilacy-purjile, and having a small dark spot at the base 
of the petals. . 
Calocuortus T.fTEUS. —This is a Californian species, 
where it was found both by Douglas and Hartweg; and 
it flowers later with us than the rest—in September and 
October. The three sepals are green, and narrower than 
the petals; the latter are yellow at the points, and green 
below. In the middle is a yellow band of hairs, among 
w'hich are seen deep spots of blood colour. 
Calochortus xitidus (Showy). — This is a much 
smaller species than any of the rest, but we know little 
about it, except from Douglas’s account of it in the 
Transactions of the Society already alluded to. The 
flowers are chiefly purplish. Douglas heard of another 
species, “ a magnificent plant,” growing about the “con¬ 
fluence of Oakenagen River.” where the roots are 
gathered by the wild Indians, cooked, and devoured as 
they do their “ quamash” roots {Camassia esculcnia), 
another bulb belonging to a kindred section of the order. 
Calochortus pallidus. —This is a very small plant, a 
native of temperate regions in Mexico, whence it was 
introduced to Belgium in 1844. The flowers are pale 
yellow, on comparatively long footstalks, three or four 
of them forming the umbel. They appear at the end of 
summer, and, like all the family, the bulb goes to rest 
in the autumn. It will be in keeping with an allied 
genus called Cyclohothra. 
Calochortus elegans. —This is the Ghalochortus of 
Pursh and Douglas, and the FritiUaria harbata of 
Kunth, also of our Dictionary, which is wnong, for it 
belongs to a kindred genus named by Sweet, which 
includes, as we shall soon see, several pretty little Ca- 
lochortus-like flowers; but they all droop, or have 
nodding flowers, as the botanists say. 
Caloscorhicji nertneelorum. —This is a very dwarf 
bulb from China, with the leaves and habit of an 
Allium, and the flowers of the same purplish or pinky 
hue as the Guernsey Lily. It is hardy, or all but hardy, 
but so apt to be overlooked, if planted out by the side 
of an open border, that it is best to keep it always in a 
small pit,|in atiy light sandy soil. Hesperoscordimn is 
another form which these little garlic-like bulbs assume 
on the ojqiosite shores of the I’acilic, in the far west, 
and of which we shall remark when we get round 
to them. 
Callituau.ma. —We missed this extraordinary genus 
of Peruvian bulbs in our Dictionary. But three distinct 
species of it were introduced to this country; the first, 
called spathulalum, by Richard Harris, Esq., of Liver- 
