1'’kbeuaiiy 17. 
THE COTTAGE GAllDENER. 
385 
liberal, tliat is, plenty of it. The kinc]s best aclajitecl 
foj' this purpose are the Old Double White, the Varie- 
gata, or Old Double Striped, the lieticulala, or V'eiu- 
leaved, and the Wamtah. The last one blooms better 
in sueh a situation than in ])ots. There is no need, 
however, to be confined to those four varieties; any 
other would thrive equally well. 
CAmELBiA SASANQUA (Toa-leavod C.).—Supposed to 
bo a distinct species, the loaves are smaller than C. 
japoniva, and also the blossoms. The latter are very 
beautiful, of a light rose-colour, and are produced very 
numerously. 
Cantua Bicoi.on, C. debendens (or bdxifolia), anb 
C. BYRiEORME.—Thoso tlirco spccics, of a new genus, 
arc very beautiful, half-hardy shrubs, which do not 
Hower freely in pots. Against a I’reservatory Wall I 
have no doubt they would flower freely, and their 
flowers are so very beautiful that they are well worthy 
of a trial. 
Citrus (Orange-Tree).—Like the Camellia, this genus 
is exceedingly well adapted for a Preservative Wall. In 
Devonshire, it flowers and fruits against a common 
wall, without any heat, having only, in winter, the 
shelter of a mat hung down in front of it; but, as every 
county has not the mild climate of Devon, they require, 
more northerly, a more certain and effectual protection. 
A glass-covered wall, oven without heat, will grow them 
very fairly, especially if the canvass covering, suggested 
by one of my corre.spondents, be used to cover the glass 
in severe weather. But the blossoms are so sweet, and 
so much used, as my friend Mr. Beaton observes, “ for 
bridal bouquets,” and the fruit is so handsome, that the 
complete Preservatory, with glass and heated walls, is 
just the situation to grow both flowers and fruits to 
perfection ; witness the fine specimens in the Preser¬ 
vatory at Chatsworth. 
The soil of the border should be richer than that I 
have recommended for the Camellia, and the loam 
should enter more largely into the compost. It shoidd 
consist of two-thirds good strong loam, one-third peat, 
and about one-eighth of well-decomposed cowdung; this 
will suit them, and grow them satisfactorily. The 
species 1 woidd recommend, are the common orange 
(Citrus aurnntium), the Shaddock (0. decumana),i\\Q 
Lemon (G. limonum), the Citron (G. Meilica), and the 
Myrtle-leaved (G. vulgaris myrtifoliaJ. 
Cbejiatis. —I had passed over the plants of this genus, 
thinking they would he too rambling for this purpose; 
but as the very handsome flowering species, G. azurea 
grandijlora and G. Jiorida Siebuldii, do not grow so ram¬ 
pant, and are not quite hardy north of Birmingham, a 
plant of each might be placed against this wall with the 
happiest eflcct. 
Clethba arborea (Tree-Clethra).—An old plant, with 
fine foliage, and numerously produced bell-shaped white 
flowers, deservedly worthy of a place to ornament this 
wall. 
Clianthus puniceus (Crimson Clianthus).—A free- 
flowering, handsome, free-growing shrub, well adapted 
for the ])urpose, but requiring good protection. 
T. Appleby. 
(7’o be continued.) 
A CHAPTER EOR COTTAGERS. 
Since the repeated failures of the Potato croji has 
induced cottagers to turn their attention to other things, 
a few words on the culture of such crops as present the 
best substitute for that useful root • may be of some 
service to that very numerous class of cultivators, whom 
wo may, with perfect jiropriety, term “ Cottage Gar¬ 
deners,” and shall commence our remarks with a notice 
of one of the most useful roots wo know, as a substitute, 
hoping that some kind friend will add the equally im¬ 
portant instruction—the best and most economical way 
of jiroparing tbe article for food. 
Parsnip. —This hardy and much-neglected vegetable 
is not grown to one-half the extent that it deserves. It 
being a free-grower, not very choice about the kind of 
soil, and coating little in the shape of seed, it certainly 
has not found its way into such general use as might 
have been expected. One thing is, that, like the Potato, 
if not well grown, it fails to give satisfaction; and, 
though it will grow under almost any circumstances, 
yet it is only where well grown that it is really good. 
A rich alluvial soil, rather damp than otherwise, seems 
to suit it best. The cottager, therefore, whose garden 
presents such a soil, had better jirocure some of tbe 
seed and sow it as soon as ho can manage to get his 
ground into anything like order, which, if it has lain 
still' and untouched all winter, will work; but, if dug-up 
and sown at the same time, rows about fifteen inches 
apart, and the jdants thinned out to about ton in the 
row, will, in most cases, be enough. It is almost need¬ 
less to observe, that for this, and ali other roots of a 
similar kind, the ground ought to bo sthred })retty deep. 
One good property this root has over many others is, 
that it may remain in the ground where grown all 
winter, not only without detriment, but with advantage; 
only, when the spring sets in, the roots must be taken 
up and housed, otherwise they needlessly exhaust 
both themselves and the ground that produced them. 
Although as we have said the Parsnip likes a rich, 
deep soil, yet abundance of dung near the surface is 
hurtful, rather than otherwise; the tap-root, instead 
of being long, straight, and tapering, is often rendered 
forked and crooked. Every soil, however, does not 
produce good Parsnips, the best being grown in the 
south and west of England. In the north, except in 
some favoured localities, this root never attains that 
perfection which the Potato does under similar circum¬ 
stances ; and, as we have before observed, unless it be 
well grown, it is not good. 
Beans. — Although not capable of furnishing the 
table at the season when the Potato is most prized, yet, 
while it lasts, it is a favourite with many. It has also 
the advantage of being very hardy, will grow on almost 
any soil, and is tolerably prolific in regard to the 
number of dishes that may be gathered off a limited 
space of ground. In this latter property it certainly 
e.xcecds the Pea, besides which, it requires very little 
attention in the shape of culture. Stiff ground suits 
it best, and sowings of it may bo made from the first of 
J anuary to the end of June; of course the progress 
made the first two month.s will not bo in proportion 
with the advance afterwards. The early Long-pod or 
Ilangdown is better than the Wonderful for the first 
sowings, and the after crops may be the White Windsor, 
which is a better bearer than the Oreen. Rows two- 
feet-and-a-balf apart, and the Beans about four inches 
apart in the row will not bo too wide. Earth-stirring, 
&c., may bo practised so long as it can bo done without 
injury to the plants, by working amongst them; and, 
wlien the blooms are fully expanded at bottom, go over 
the rows and nip ofl' the extreme tops: tliis prevents 
their running away in a long, useless stalk, and they 
become more fruitful in consequence, and the bottom 
pods come sooner into use by receiving that support 
which would have increased the stem upwards. This 
class of plants may bo benefited by dung, although they 
are not such gross feeders as the Cabbage, and its kin¬ 
dred tribes, and on some ground that is nJroady rich, 
additional manure would produce grossness instead of 
fruitfulness. Beans are less subject to disease than most 
other crops; but the black fly, or what in country phrase 
is called the Dolphin fly, often preys on their upper ex- 
