FEiiuuARy 21. 
'J'llE COTTAGE GAUDENER. 
395 
WEEKLY CALENDAR. 
"1 
Mj W 
n n 
FEBRUARY 24-MARCH 2, 1853, 
Wbatiirr neak London in 1852. 
Sun 
Rises. 
Sun 
Sets. 
Moon 
R.&S. 
Moon’s 
Age. 
Clock 
bf. Sun. 
Day of 
Year. 
Barometer. jTherrao. 
Wind. 
Rain in In. 
24 Th 
Clouded Brown ; oaks. 
30.500 —30.362^ 42—31 
N.E, 
59 a. G 
29 a. 5 
0a2G 
16 
13 
28 
65 
25 F 
Clouded Lead; oaks. 
30.333 — 30.205 45—29 
E. 
— 
5f) 
.SI 
7 47 
17 
13 
19 
56 
26 S 
Rosy Day Moth ; hedges. 
30.334 — 30.223 43—33 
N.E, 
01 
54 
33 
9 9 
18 
13 
8 
57 
27 Sdn 
3 Sunday in Lent. 
30.136 — 29.963 46—32 
N. 
01 
52 
34 
10 35 
19 
12 
58 
58 
28 JJ 
Curve-dotted; hedges. 
29.715—29.628 50—30 
N.W. 
01 
49 
36 
11 58 
20 
12 
46 
59 
1 Tu 
David. 
29 . 8 O 3 — 29 . 710 ' 49-84 
W. 
— 
47 
38 
morn. 
21 
12 
34 
00 
2 W 
Peacock; lanes, 
29.850 —29.7‘19 49—19 
N.E. 
45 
40 
1 21 
12 
22 
61 
Mbtkoeolooy OK TiiR Week. —At Chiswick, from observations durinjr the last twenty-aix years, the average highest and lowest tempera¬ 
tures of these days are 48° and 35.1° respectively. The greatest heat, (14°, occurred on the 28th in 1840 j and the lowest cold, J6°, on the 28th 
in 1844, During the period 99 days w'ere fine, and on 83 rain fell. 
BRITISH WILD FLOWERS. 
POPPYWORTS.—PAPAVERACEAS. 
(^Continued from page 375.) 
GI.AUCIUJI.-HORNED POPPY. 
Gi.ADOifTjr ooRNicuE.iTUM : Home J Glaueium ; Red Celan¬ 
dine ; Red Horned Roppy. 
Description. —It is an annual. The wliole plant of a 
milky-green. Root spindle, or carrot-shaped. Root-leaves 
grow in a circle on short stalks; cut in sections down to 
the mid-rib ; sections alternate, indented at the ends; the 
upper sections largest, and the end one broad, blunt, with 
three or four indentures, hairy. Stem about eighteen inches 
high, slightly hairy, hairs spreading; furrowed, with 
branches in two ranks. Stem-leaves cut into sections, half¬ 
stem clasping, alternate. Flower-stal/cs at the ends of 
branches, and springing from between a leaf and the branch, 
slightly hairy, with, sometimes, one or two leaves on them 
resembling those on the stem, but smaller. Calyx very 
hairy, oval, and rather pointed. Petals oval, scarlet, with an 
oval dark purple spot at the base, veined ; soon falling ofl‘. 
Seed-pod very long, nearly straight, very hairy, or rather 
bristly, the bristles stiff, close pressed, and pointing up¬ 
wards ; terminating in a blunt knob. Seed round, and black. 
Time of flowering. —June and July. 
Places where found. —Lobol found it in the Isle of Port¬ 
land, and Mr. Stillingfleet found it in sandy corn-fields in 
Norfolk. It has never been discovered since. 
History. —It has been variously named by botanists 
Papaver corniciilahim phceniceum, &c.; Chelidonium corni- 
culatiim, and Glaueium phceniceum. This last name, or 
Scarlet Glaueium, is the most characteristic, for cornicu- 
latiim, or horn-like podded, applies to the whole genus. 
Ray says that it has but little yellow juice. It is common 
in most pai'ts of Europe, but whether really a native of 
England is doubtful. We are not aw’are of any botanist 
now alive who has seen it wild in this counti-y. {Martyn. 
S7nith. Ray.) 
We have always held that the cultivation of fruit in 
this country has not received that attention which the 
importance of the subject demands ; and in reviewing, 
as we have done in our former articles, the history of 
the orcharding of the past three centuries, we have seen 
that, instead of forming a permanent and systematic 
branch of rural economy, it has been allowed to wax or 
wane according to the ever varying taste of the various 
periods to which our attention has been directed. 
Our firm belief is, and we have the evidence of the 
past to confirm it, that the cultivation of fruits, if judi¬ 
ciously and well practised, is much more important and 
profitable than in the present day it is generally consi¬ 
dered to be. We have shown that for centuries past 
there have been, at certain periods, great movements in 
this direction; numerous and e.xtensive plantations 
wore formed, but in time they were invariably allowed 
to fall into decay, and no succession provided till ur¬ 
gency compelled it, and then, in many instances, it was 
too late. We have seen that at the close of the war in 
1816, notwithstanding the high prices at the time, the 
demand was greater than the supply, and foreign fruit 
was imported to such an extent, that the few growers 
which there were became so alarmed as to apply to 
government for an increase of duty. This they obtained, 
and, as will be seen from the tables at page 357, the 
importations decreasing from 1819, the supply would 
become less still. From 1819, a great system of plant¬ 
ing was commenced, and carried out to such an extent, 
that in 1838 the breadth of orchard land in the county 
of Kent alone was upwards of 15,000 acres. Now, 
taking these 15,000 at 100 bushels per acre, which is 
allowed to be the produce for an average of years, it will 
give 1,500,000 bushels. Yet, notwithstanding this 
seemingly enormous average quantity from the county 
of Kent alone, when the orchards were in the highest 
state of productiveness, and before the displanting con¬ 
sequent on the removal of the 4s. duty, in 1838, had 
commenced, the value of the apples imported in 1839, 
as shown in the table below, amounted to no less a sum 
than £43,860 13s.; clearly showing that, even then, the 
home growth was insufficient for the consumption, even 
at the average price of os. 6d. per bushel. 
In 1838, the duty of 48. was removed, and one of 
No, eeXXX., VoL IX 
