February 24. 
THE COTTAGE GAEDENEE. 
397 
counsel in this work ? Let us trust it may be so, and 
that ere long we shall have such an one as will take 
its position with those others which our country delights 
to honour. E. 
Quantities of Apples Imported from 1838 to 1850, with the average Prices 
in Covent Garden Market, 
Year. 
Duty. 
Quantity 
imported. 
Average 
price at 
Covent 
Garden. 
1838 
4s 
2,162 bushels 
4s 
6(1 
£5 per cent. 
^^■33,395 12s 3d 
4 
6 
1839 
ad. val. 
43,866 13 0 
5 
6 
1840 
£!, 5s 
33,717 13 5 
3 
6 
1641 
per cent. 
40,849 0 0 
4 
6 
1842 
ad. val. 
6,644 0 0 
4 
6 
6cl 
111,586 bushels 
4 
6 
1843 
6(1 
314,954 „ 
6 
6 
1844 
182,590 „ 
6 
0 
1645 
197,064 „ 
6 
6 
1846 
292,427 „ 
8 
0 
1847 
331,073 ,, 
4 
0 
1848 
243,034 ,, 
5 
0 
1849 
323,719 „ 
3 
6 
1850 
467,629 „ 
5 
6 
Eenewing our notes on Landscape-gardening, we now 
proceed from the “ Approach,” the subject of our last 
paper, to a consideration of those principles which should 
govern the direction and character of the various Walks 
requisite, whether about the grounds of the country 
mansion or the villa. 
It may lierc, however, be observed, that neither the 
width nor the style of walk is in these two cases obliged 
to be the same; tliey will occasionally have to difler 
much, inasmuch as the dimensions, the locality, and other 
concomitants, will of necessity vary. It will, therefore, 
be well, perhaps, to handle the subject of Villa walks in 
a separate form, although, in the mean time, it may be 
understood, that in the main the chief principles are 
applicable to either style. 
Gne of the first things to be thought of, is to provide 
an extent of mere perambulation, commensurate with 
the requirements of the family, and the chances offered 
by the grounds. But, then, the great consideration is, 
how to take in agreeable and legitimate objects, so as to 
keep the interest of the perambulator constantly on 
the alert. Now, it will not be expedient so to present 
views as that the eye may pierce through and discover 
a limitation of extent, giving an impression of meagre¬ 
ness. This is above all to be avoided; but this remark 
applies principally to the suburban retreat or the villa. 
It is the business of the planner so to conduct his 
principal walks as to keep interest alive without show¬ 
ing too much of his picture at once, and without the 
affectation of fighting against the genius of the ground. 
Convenience alone points to the propriety of at least 
one principal walk, and proceeding from that side of 
the house, if possible, where the noblest rooms are 
situate. In the modern villa, or suburban residence, to 
accomplish this is sometimes difficult, but in the case of 
great mansions in the country, possessing, it may be, 
a park with far stretching pleasui’e grounds, the case is 
somewhat different. 
In the former, severe limitation of space, together with 
the habits of the occupants, combine to press the pro¬ 
priety of being content with one principal line. But in 
jilaces of high pretension, free from boundary lines hard 
on the eye, a much greater degree of latitude may be 
allowed. The terraced frontage, the pasture or flower- 
garden, or the kitchen-garden, may demand special 
walks, ruled, of course, by the circumstances of the 
mansion, and the site of the respective plots; but, 
nevertheless, proceeding from the drawing-room front. 
And, now, as to the width of walks. Wo hold it good 
practice,in most grounds, to have two distinct widths, and 
in some cases three. Assuming, therefore, three charac¬ 
ters of walks, it will be well, in order to keep matters dis¬ 
tinct, to give them names descriptive of their character 
and uses, and we offer the following as illustrative of 
what is meant, viz.: the Pebambulaxing, the Episodical, 
and the Subordinate. It will, doubtless, be remem¬ 
bered by many of our readers, that the Episodical was 
a favourite appellation with the late Mr. Loudon, who 
was one of the first to simplify landscape gardening. 
In order to exemplify those three classes, we may 
suppose a case, in which one principal walk passes 
round the whole grounds, and that the Eosary, the 
American garden, &c., lie at little distances from its sides 
as hy-plots, the walks to them diverging at nearly right 
angles, as they should do; these we would class as 
episodical walks. Again—suppose that such episodes 
required a plant-pit, a small tool-house, &c., concealed 
by dense shrub masses, the walks to these we would 
class as subordinate. 
Admitting, then, three classes of walks, let us come 
to their respective widths. It may here be repeated, 
that the country mansion, and the little suburban 
retreat, may, and must, occasionally differ in this matter, 
inasmuch as very broad walks, in very limited places, 
would neither comport with the principle of proportion, 
nor a just economy in the distribution of the limited 
space. This premised, we will deal with the mansion of 
ample grounds, and this will constitute an aim for the 
villa proprietor; a point to reach as near as he can. It 
is common with most landscape gardeners to reejuire 
seven feet in width for the chief or perambulating lines, 
inasmuch as this is the miuimum width requisite for 
three persons to walk abreast, and this is often a great 
desideratum as to social converse. Now, although our 
great landscape men may not have recognised precisely 
such widths as we must here propose, yet, having fully 
considered the matter, we must suggest sixty-six inches 
for episodical walks, and let us say three feet for the 
subordinates. 
As for terrace lines and promenades, instituted for 
effects sake, they form an exception, and must be dealt 
with accordingly. Very narrow walks have been much 
repudiated by our landscape gardeners of celebrity, and 
justly so ; but a mere enunciation of abstract principles 
will not meet the spirit of our times; principles right 
enough, it may be, in their essence and character, mus* 
and will be highly modified both by economy and ex¬ 
pediency. The business is, so to handle arrangements 
as that no great principle be extravagantly compromised; 
