Mabcii ni. THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 493 
WEEKLY CALENDAR. 
1 MARCH 31—APRIL 6, 1853. 
! 
Weatukr near London in 1852. . 
Barometer. Thermo. Wind. Rain in In. 
Sun 
Rises. 
Sun 
Sets. 
Moon 
R.&S. 
Moon’s 
Age. 
Clock 
bf. Sun. 
Day of 
Year. 
31 Tu Curve-dotted; hedges. 
29.852 
— 29.500 
48—39 
N.R. — 
39 a. 5 
29 a. 6 
1 45 
©; 
4 
14 
90 
1 F Speckled Wood; wood aides. 
30.203 
— 30.015 
51—24 
N.E. — 
37 
31 
2 m 43 
23 
3 
55 
91 
i 2 S .Common Copper ; commons. 
30.303 
— 30.270 
62—25 
N.E. — 
35 
32 
3 37 
24 
3 
37 
92 
, 3 Sun 1st. or Low Sunday. 
30.326 
— 30.246 
51—29 
E. — 
33 
34 
4 14 
25 
3 
19 
93 
: 4M Water Betony; gardens. 
30.156 
— 30.147 
50—30 
S.E. — 
30 
36 
4 41 
26 
3 
1 
94 
! 5 Tu Dark drab ; oaks and sallows. 
30. UG 
— 30.099 
58—28 
N.E. - 
28 
38 
5 3 
27 
a 
44 
95 
' 6 W Twin-spotted Drab ; oaks. 
30.146 
— 30.111 
57—39 
N.E.' — 
20 
39 
5 21 
28 
2 
26 
96 
Meteorology of the Week. —At Chiswick, from observations during the last twenty-six years, the average highest and lowest tempera¬ 
tures of these days are 55.7°, and 36° respectively. The greatest heat, 78°, occurred on the 3rd in 1848 ; and the lowest cold, l6°, on the Ist 
in 1838. During the period 105 days were fine, and on 77 rain fell. 
CALISAYAN BARK SHRUB 
(^Cinchona Calisaya.) 
The fact of this being the plant which yields the Pei-uvian 
Bark, so long celebrated as a potent medicine in our contests 
against Ague and other intermittent fevers, would, of itself, 
justify our devoting rather more than our usual space to its 
consideration. 
It is that plant of which Darwin says 
“ Where Andes hides his eloud-wreathed crest in snow. 
And roots his base on burning sands below; 
Cinchona, fairest of Peruvian maids. 
To health’s bright goddess in the breezy glades 
On tluito’s temperate plain an altar rear’d. 
Trill’d the loud hymn, the solemn prayer preferr’d.” 
The object of the prayer was a remedy with which to be 
armed when 
“ Fierce from his fens the giant Ague springs 
And wrapt in fogs descends on vampire wings.” 
The request was granted, and the plant affording the 
specific is that now before us. 
There are various specimens of Cinchona which yield the 
Bark so well known in medicine; but Dr. Weddell, in his 
Natural History of the Quinquinas, states, from actual and 
long research in their native country, that this produces 
“ the most precious of the Jesuit’s Barks used in medicine." 
He found it only in Peru and in the southern part of the 
province of Carabaya, and nowhere beyond Campolican, or 
Apolobamba, the place of its first discovery, that is, between 
13° and 10° flO' south latitude. The Bolivian Company 
export annually more than 4000 quintals of its bark, each j 
quintal being 100 lbs., and Dr. Weddell justly ob.serves, that.( 
“ it is difficult for the forests to supply for any long time 
so large a demand.” 
It belongs to the Natural Order Ciuchonads and to 
Pentandria Monogynia of the Linncean system. It has 
been beautifully figured in Paxton's Flower Garden, qd. 107 ; 
and for the following description and directions for its 
culture, we are indebted to the Journal of the London 
Horticultural Society. 
‘‘ Leaves oblong, blunt, pale dull green, tapering gradually 
into the leaf-stalk, which is red, as well as the midrib itself; 
at the back of the leaf, in the axil of each principal vein, 
is a small excavation closed up by hairs. The stiqniles, which 
fall off very early, are a pair of oblong, erect, blunt, smooth 
plates. The flowers appear in panicles at the ends of the 
lateral shoots, are of a pale pink colour before expansion, 
almost white when fully open, and emit a most agreeable 
weak balsamic fragrance. The calyx is a small superior 
five-toothed cup, covered with fine close down like the 
branches of the panicle. The corolla has a cylindrical tube 
about half-an-inch long, and a reflexod five-lobedlimb, copi¬ 
ously fringed with long transparent club-shaped hairs. The 
stamens are five, and can just be seen when looking down 
into the tube of the corolla. 
“ This plant has been found to require very peculiar 
management. Mr. George Gordon, under whose care it 
flowered in the Society’s Garden, states the following to be 
the manner in which the specimen was treated which 
bloomed so abundantly in the Society's stove :— 
” ‘ The seeds, when received from Mr. Pentland in the 
middle of October, 1848, were sown in shallow pans, well 
drained, in a mixture of eciual piarts of sandy loam and 
fibry peat, and placed in a close warm pit, remaining for ten 
days without receiving any water after sowing. Afterwards 
they were slightly sprinkled as the soil became dry on the 
surface, and at the end of about three months of such treat¬ 
ment the young plants began to make then- appearance, in 
the latter part of January. When the seedlings had made 
a couple of rough leaves they were carefully removed, and 
placed singly in three-inch pots (small sixtys), potting them 
in a mixture composed of equal parts of sandy loam, fibry 
peat, and well-decayed leaf mould, and after a copious 
watering were returned to the close pit, where they soon 
began to grow freely. When the young jjlants were well 
established a moderate portion of air was given over head, 
by pushing down the light a little at the top ; and this treat¬ 
ment was continued until the latter part of the following 
autumn, when the plants were removed to a close pit with 
rather a drier atmosq)here, more light, and a temperature 
from 50° to .')5° by night. Subsequently the plants were 
shifted as they required it into larger pots, using the same 
kind of compost as before. As the specimens grew up they 
showed little tendency to form lateral branches, but became 
straight-stemmed with hardly a side-shoot. To counteract 
this as much as possible, I endeavoured to cause the plants 
to become bushy, first by pinching off the leading qooints of 
two plants while in a very young state ; but that operation 
threw the plants into a bad state of health, and one of them 
eventually died. The other plants were allowed to grow for 
another season, and when the wood became hard or ripe, 
two more had their leading points removed, but with little 
better success. The remainder had at the same time their 
leading points tied down in a circular form, which in most 
cases caused the plant to throw out lateral l)ranches. AV'hen j 
the wood of these laterals again became firm, or what is 
termed about three-parts ripe, they were again tied down 
and allowed to remain so until the wood became set in a 
curved form, after which the ties were removed and the 
j)lant allowed its full motion, for I found if the branches 
were kept constantly tied down the plants became unhealthy, 
No. CCXXXV., VoL. IX. 
