October 0. 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
19 
instantly make it a plea for such ; it is simply being in 
earnest, and using a little hard-headed thought over 
everything a man does. 
Let the second week in October be our period for 
planting the Raspberry. Somebody will say, Why, the 
i plants are not gone to rest; and we answer, No; and 
neither do we require it. The removal will, nevertheless, 
j induce what is commonly termed rest. 
In looking over the stools to provide the new colony 
with subjects, it will be found that it is very frequently 
possible to alight on a nice little group of suckers, 
evidently intended for an emigrant life; there will 
! generally be about three brothers in these, and so 
j sympathetic in character that you cannot move one 
| without disturbing the rest. Let these go together, by 
all means; let them live and die together. Such may 
be removed carefully with a large clot of soil. However, 
these are excejUions, and the majority of canes will be 
1 single, and we plant three together. One, the strongest, 
we cut down to about four feet, a second to thirty inches, 
and the weakest to little more than a foot. Every 
possible pains should be taken in removing them with a 
ball of soil, and plenty of fibrous roots; and it requires 
a little careful handling on the part of the taker up, 
who must exercise fully as much care as the planter. 
The plants we insert as close to each other as their 
balls will permit, generally about nine inches apart, and 
the “ pruning ” is filled in around them, not, however, 
quite filling the hollow, for as soon as planted, we mulch 
them for the year, and water liberally on the mulch. 
Some staking will be necessary, before they begin to 
grow in the spring, and care must be taken not to tread 
the ground when wet. If they are staked immediately, 
a crop of vegetables may be taken off the ground con¬ 
tiguous, taking care to have all cleared away by the 
dressing time, which will be in the ensuing May or 
June, and the ground must be kept clean in the mean¬ 
time. 
The Double-bearing Raspberry. —This is cultivated 
in a different way from the preceding, for it fruits on the 
annual shoot; that is to say, suckers produced in spring 
will fruit in the autumn. The canes are, therefore, cut 
nearly close to the ground in the spring, as soon as 
root suckers begin to appear. These may be planted at 
the same period as the other, making similar prepara¬ 
tions, and when planted the cane may be left about a 
foot long, to draw the root into action. When, how¬ 
ever, the root-suckers arise, say in June, the old stem 
may be cut down, and the plants receive a liberal 
allowance of manure water. 
This kind must be kept thin, or they will not prove 
successful; we plant in a single row, using single strong 
plants, instead of planting in groups like the others, 
placing them nearly a foot apart. They are exceedingly 
liable to produce a host of weedy-looking suckers, and 
are by no means fit to grow near other fruit trees, which 
they would much annoy with their suckers. Much care 
is necessary at thinning-out time to keep these under, 
and a careful selection must be made of the suckers to 
be retained. We thin them in June to about four 
inches apart, and in the end. of July or beginning of 
August it will be seen which are the bearing suckers, 
and all but those showing blossom buds may about that 
time be plucked clean away. 
This kind of Raspberry might be cultivated to great 
I advantage on a perpendicular rail of about four feet in 
| height, having four rows of horizontal espalier wires 
i tightly strained, and, indeed, the idea naturally occurs 
' (when we have got thus far) of placing glass over it; 
| the amount and expense would be but trifling. It is 
naturally a precarious crop, and seldom attains its full 
! flavour, which it might be readily made to do under 
j glass. However, we have a multitude of suggestions to 
offer as soon as we can get space to carry out the 
subject; now glass is so cheap we shall doubtless, by- 
and-by, find glass structures of a simple character, 
depending for their warmth on early closing alone, 
coming into very general use. What is wanted in the 
meantime is some very durable and very light material, 
as a screen to throw over the roof, nothing thoroughly 
satisfactory having yet appeared in the market. Surely 
our manufacturers could soon bring out a material of 
the kind if they could once be induced to turn their 
attention to it, and we know of nothing better deserving 
a very high premium from some of our great horticul¬ 
tural societies. 
In concluding the Raspberry for the present, we may 
remark on the kinds in culture. They are as follows :— 
I. Red Antwerp. 2. Yellow Antwerp. 3. Eastolff, red. 
4. Large-fruited Monthly (Rivers). 5. Old Double¬ 
bearing Red. 6. Double-bearing White. 
Of these, No 3, is, doubtless, the best summer Rasp¬ 
berry at present known. It is quite as abundant a bearer 
as No. 1, much larger and finer, and, for aught we have 
discovered, equal to it in flavour. It has, moreover, the 
merit of producing a second crop occasionally; of bear¬ 
ing as early as No. 1, and of continuing a fortnight or 
three weeks longer in use. Whatever other kinds are 
planted, these may be considered the main dependence. 
No. 2 is excellent for dessert, and requires more kindly 
treatment, as it is not so robust as No. 3. No. 1, 
although a good fruit, is mostly superseded by No. 3. 
No. 4 is one of Mr. Rivers’s new kinds, professing to be 
an advance on No. 5; of this we have had no ex¬ 
perience. No. 6 is not much cultivated, as it is small 
and inferior. R. Errington. 
THE FLOWER-GARDEN. 
The cottage gardener will have more trouble and 
anxiety about his bed and border plants for the next 
three months than for the rest of the whole year. All 
his Geraniums , he knows by this time, will keep better 
over the winter, and do so much better next year, if he 
can save the old plants that have flowered with him this 
season, and not trouble himself with young ones struck 
from autumn cuttings. April and May, or, at any rate, 
early in June, is his best time to grow cuttings of Gera¬ 
niums to stand the winter ; while other gardeners, who 
have room and conveniences, prefer cuttings made in 
August or September, because they can put so many oi 
them together into small pots, called store-pots, and so 
keep great numhers of them in a small compass in their 
frames and greenhouses ; but that is quite different from 
the proper course of him who has neither greenhouse or 
pit, and, moreover, is only feeling his way into the 
secrets of gardening. The smallest cottage-garden in 
the kingdom is not worth the name of a garden, unless 
you see a Scarlet Geranium in it all through the summer. 
Others may have their Queen's, their Lady Mary Fox’s, 
their Lady Middletons, and all the other ladies and 
maids of honour that are so much prized for their 
gay colours and constant blooming; but ladies of all 
grades are expensive ornaments, and unless they are 
treated very kindly it is much better not to attempt 
to enjoy the luxury, but keep to such as one can manage 
in a quiet way, after Harry Moore's plan of drying and 
storing them away in winter; and for such I write this 
letter. The best way of all to save the Scarlet Gera¬ 
niums is to begin early to prepare them, and this is a 
very good time. In the first place, there is a general 
and a very erroneous idea abroad, that these Geraniums 
should be taken up as soon as the cold weather sets in, 
because it is customary among gardeners to do so, as 
they can keep them gi’een in pots or boxes for a long 
time, or all the winter if they chose; but for those who 
must depend on the drying and storing system, without 
