October 80. 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER 
i short. The females are never streaked. They produce 
j well; wander hut a short distance from the buildings, in 
| consequence of the ruff rendering their flight fatiguing; and 
j they easily become tame. 
I Jacobin Pigeon (Columha cucullala Jacolina). — This 
pretty pigeon partakes of different colours, of which we have 
several sub-varieties. 
Hei.meted Cowled Pigeon (Columha cucullala galerita). 
—It is black, with the head, flight, and tail white. It is of 
a larger size than the common Cowled, approaching that of 
the Pouter. Like these last, it has the habit of swelling its 
throat a little, consequently, it has been supposed to be the 
produce of one of the Pouters and the Cowled. It has a 
short beak, small wing, an elegant form, and the ruff of 
feathers gracefully raised, but it is not very productive. 
Caped Cowled Pigeon (Columba cucullata hardocucullala). 
■—This differs from those that precede it in its cowl, which 
merely forms a simple shell, and does not extend below the 
head. It is a mongrel, proceeding from the “ Capuchin " 
and a mixture of small size. Although it produces well, it 
is rejected by the amateurs. 
This pigeon afford us an opportunity of making an ob¬ 
servation equally applicable to all individuals of a pure 
race. As we have said before, if we cross one of the pure 
pigeons with another variety, even with that which may have 
the greatest analogy to it, their posterity will have lost for 
ever the distinctive characteristics of the race: the young 
ones of the “ Glou-Glou ” will be mute, and those of the 
“ Cowled" will no longer have the cowl. Let us wait as 
many generations as we will, these characters never re¬ 
appear, either accidentally or from any art or trouble that 
may have been resorted to. This would seem to prove that 
art has no power over this diversity of forms or qualities, 
and that it belongs exclusively to Nature, and from 
this one might reasonably draw the conclusion that these 
birds are true species. It is, most commonly, the male 
which stamps his posterity with the predominant charac¬ 
teristics which constitute the race ; thus one might suppose 
that when lost by adulteration, they might be recovered by 
recoupling with the male parent’s stock: we should deceive 
ourselves, if we expected any positive result from this, for a 
long succession of generation is necessary'. Again, if we 
j couple an improved female of a mixed breed with a male of 
a pure race, and when the individuals appear to have 
returned to their primitive character, they will always 
produce many young ones bearing the marks of ancient 
adulteration, by a remarkable, or perhaps even total, altera¬ 
tion in the characters of the race. The Capuchins might 
j perhaps appear again with their cowl, but we should never 
: be sure that they would transmit it to all their posterity. 
As to the Glou-glous , although having recovered their crown, 
and the long feathers which cover their feet, they will 
i always be mute, and, consequently, of no value. If it hap- 
j pens, for example, that one of these pigeons brought back 
to its primitive form by perseverance, was crossed again 
I with a stranger race, the character would be for ever lost, 
j The young pigeons springing from this degenerate race, 
although having a father or mother of thd purest race, 
instead of recovering the primitive characteristics, would 
return for ever to the class of Mixtures, which never trans¬ 
mit to their posterity their forms or plumage. 
fourteenth race. 
IIelmeted Pigeons (Columba gale ala). — The feathers on 
the back part of the head are turned the contrary way, 
forming a sort of shell or helmet, from whence their French 
and Latin name. The flgure is small, and body lengthy, of 
a very easy, elegant, and graceful shape. These birds rather 
resemble the “ Nonnains ” in their form and size, but may 
easily be distinguished from them, having no cowl. 
Dutcii-helmeted Pigeon (Columha galeata lalava ).— 
The eye pearled ; a slight filament round the eyes ; the head 
and end of the larger quill-featliers of the wings and tail of 
the same colour, blue, yellow, or black, whilst the rest of the 
body is always white ; the feet naked ; about the size of the 
“ Paon ” pigeon. 
This variety has furnished four sub-varieties, always 
having the large quill-feathers of the wings the same colour 
as the head; their figure is equally elegant with the pre¬ 
ceding, and their plumage is always very clean and sleek. 
A. Head and tail blue. 
b. Head and tail black. 
c. Head and tail red. 
d. Head and tail yellow. 
Buffon says that the sub-variety, e., “ so strongly re¬ 
sembles the Sea-swallow, that some have given it this name 
with much more analogy, for this pigeon has not a round 
body like most of the others, but long, and very easy.” 
Might he not have confounded this bird with our Swallow 
Pigeon ? My principle reason for thinking so is, that his 
description of it agrees much better with that than this, 
whose helmet, nevertheless, deprives it of all resemblance 
to the sea-swallow. 
Starling-helmeted Pigeon (Columha galeata sturnus ).— 
It is black, rather more of a jet than the Dutch. Two bars 
of a greyish white on each wing, a bib of the same colour, 
in the shape of a gorget, yellow eye, and feathery legs. It 
is very productive. 
Russian-helmeted Pigeon (Columha galeata Russice ).— 
Striped black, red, or blue, on the wings and tip of the tail, 
or chamois, or yellow, always having the upper part of the 
head pure white, including the upper mandible of the beak, 
the spot continuing the line from the middle of the eye to 
the shell. The eye is black, and has no filament; the feet 
are slightly shod. This pigeon is very productive. 
Suabian-helmeted Pigeon (Columha galeata Sueviee ).— 
This bird, originally from Suabia, almost always changes 
colour at the first moulting. It is small, and has a black 
eye; the neck is commonly spotted with white, and the feet 
are naked. There are some to be found which have the 
head, tail, and flight white; others are black, the cloak 
speckled in an admirable manner; there are even some ex¬ 
isting of a rose colour; furthermore, whatever the colour may 
