November 27. 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
and dress all quarters generally. Edgings, trim. Fibrous-rooted 
perennials and biennials, divide and plant. Flowers (choice), defend 
generally from inclement weather. Grass, roll occasionally, if winter be 
mild. Gravel, roll and keep orderly. Hawthorn, gather berries and 
bury in sand, to sow next October. Hedges, plant, and clip deciduous 
ones. Hyacinths, defend in inclement weather. Leaves, collect for 
compost. Mulch round the roots and stems of shrubs newly planted. 
Plant shrubs of all kinds. Potted Plants, protect in deep frames, 
&c.; place in hothouse for forcing. Privet, gather seeds of, and make 
young shoots into cuttings in bad weather, lay them in damp sand or 
soil, and set next February. Prune all shrubs requiring regulation. 
Pruned Roses, scrape bark, and wash with lime and soot. Ranun¬ 
culuses, defend in bad weather; plant, if mild; seedlings of them 
i require protection. Stake shrubs newly planted, and any others re- 
| quiring support. Suckers may be planted as removed during the 
: winter dressing. Tulips, defend in bad weather. Turf maybe laid 
I in open weather. Uncover protected plants, and if not dry, place dry 
I materials next them. Water in glasses, change weekly; add a few 
grains of salt, or five drops of spirit of hartshorn. Buy all your Trees 
and Shrubs forthwith, and put them in ground, preparatory for final 
planting in February. Think on the Ice-iieap, and let leaves be ga¬ 
thered to cover it. See, also, that the ponds of water from which you 
get ice, are freed from leaves and sticks, & c. 11. Beaton. 
GREENHOUSE. 
Air, admit freely when the external temperature is above 35°, espe¬ 
cially among hard-wooded plants not desired to have early in bloom. 
Bulbs, well-rooted in pots, place in gentle heat for early blooming; put 
funnels of paper over the Hyacinths, to cause the stems of the early ones 
to rise freely ; keep mice from the successions; few things are better 
for this than chopped furze. Calceolarias, Cinerarias, Camel¬ 
lias, &c., attend to with heat and moisture, according to the time you 
desire them to be in bloom: the two first will require frequent fumi¬ 
gating. Climbers, prune them generally, to give light to the plants 
beneath them. Passion-flowers may be pruned back to within a bud 
of the main shoots. Tecoma jasminuides will bloom best on longish, 
strongish shoots, the smaller, therefore, should be cut out; after the 
strength is thus moderated, by these flowering profusely, it may be 
spurred back, like Passion-flowers. Train and clean winter-flowering 
climbers, such as Kennedy a Maryattce, and various Tropaeolums , such as 
tuberosum and pentaphyllum; the latter started in summer, will bloom 
all the winter. Earth in pots and borders, keep fresh by stirring. 
Geraniums, encourage the forwardest, when early blooming is desirable, 
with plenty of air, and a medium temperature of 45°, giving them plenty 
of air, and tying them out. Scarlets, taken up from flower-beds, and 
kept in boxes and sheds, keep drv. Keep old Calceolarias, so raised, 
moister. Heaths, keep cool, and give abundance of air in mild clear 
weather. Heat, by fires, apply when necessary ; use a little covering in 
severe weather in preference to making the fires strong. Ixias, Gla¬ 
dioli, and the hardier Lilies, pot and set in a cold pit, to be protected 
from frost. Insects, keep under, by fumigating and scrubbing. Leaves, 
dirty, wash; decayed, remove. Mignonette, take in a few pots now 
and then. Primula (Chinese), introduce; water with liquid-manure 
when it shows the flower-bud; the double-white give a favourable and 
warm position, as the flower stands well when cut, it is valuable for 
nosegays. Roses, and other Shrubs, introduce for forcing; commence 
at first with a top-temperature of from 45° to 50° ; if the bottom-heat is 
from 5° to 10° higher, all the better. Salvia Splendens, supply 
liberally with water, and give it a warm corner. Gtsnera zebrina will 
still be a good accompaniment, where the average night temperature is 
45°. Succulents, keep dry, and Cactus especially, except the Trun- 
catus, which will now be in bloom; give it a warm position, or the blooms 
will not open freely. The same may be said as respects position, in the 
case of Oranges opening their bloom. Water seldom ; be regulated by 
temperature, evaporation, and the wants of the plants; when the flower- 
buds are swelling and opened, give it oftener, and alter breakfast, and 
with liquid rather higher than the temperature of the house. Tempe¬ 
rature, 45° during the day, 40° at night, with 5° to 10° more, at a warm 
end, or a conservatory, for placing tenderer and forced flow'ers when first 
introduced, allowing in each case a rise of 10° or 15° for sun heat. In 
severe weather, prefer covering, even during the day, to large fires; com¬ 
parative darkness, in a low temperature, fur a sho.t time, is preferable to 
light, and a parched atmosphere. R. Fish. 
ORCHARD. 
Almonds, plant. Apples (Espalier), prune, &c.; plant, &c. Apri¬ 
cots, plant. Brine, apply with a scrubbing-brush to stems and 
branches of fruit-trees, to destroy insects, eggs, and moss. Compost, 
provide. Cherries (Wall and Espalier), prune and train ; plant, j 
Ciiesnuts, plant. Currants, prune ; plant. Cuttings of Gooseber¬ 
ries and Currants may be planted. Espaliers, prune and regulate, j 
Figs, protect from frost. Filberts, plant. Fork the surface around 1 
fruit-trees. Fruit-room, ventilate occasionally, and keep dark. Goose- ; 
berries, plant; prune. Layers, plant. Loam and Compost, obtain. | 
Medlars, plant. Mulberries, plant. Mulch, put around newly- 
planted trees. Nails and Shreds, draw and prepare in bad weather. 
Nectarines, plant; prune and train in frosty weather. Reaches (See 
Nectarines). Pears, plant. Plums, plant; (Wall and Espalier), 
prune. Pruning, attend to generally. Quinces, plant. Raspberries, , 
plant; prune. Services, plant. Snails, destroy in their torpid state. ; 
Stake and support trees newly planted. Standards, remove dead and 
irregular branches from. Stations, make. Suckers, plant; remove 1 
from all fruits. Trekch and prepare borders, &c., for planting. Thin 
orchard-trees. Vines, plant, prune, and train. Walnuts, plant. 
Wall-trees generally, prune and regulate. Walls, it is a very bene¬ 
ficial plan to paint these by means of a white-washer’s brush, with a 
liquid mixture of 8 lbs. lime, 4 lbs. soot, and 6 lbs. sulphur. It destroys 
and banishes insects, as well as, by its dark colour, promoting the warmth 
of the wall. The liquid employed, in which to mix the above, should be 
urine and soap-suds in equal proportions. 
Any trees proposed to be regrafted in the spring, may be headed down j 
141 
now, but the stumps of the branches should be left sufficiently long to 
permit a few inches more to be cut off at the time of grafting. 
R. Errington. 
FORCING HOUSE. 
Aia, see Ventilation. Asparagus, promote succession crops ; bottom- | 
heat 75°; plenty of air when up. Apricots, see Peach. Bottom- 
heat, sustain generally about 72° to 76°. Cucumbers, top dress, apply 
lujuid-manure and stop, and keep glass clean over head, air heat, 60 ° to 
70 . Cherries, see Peach. Coverings, apply assiduously, so as to be 
able to give air frequently. Fires, use discreetly, to repel frost, to sus¬ 
tain the proper temperature, and to be able to give air rather liberally. 
Figs, see Peach. Grapes, late fruit, lire freely in the day with much 
air; avoid spilling water in house, and use the scissors once a-week ! 
thoroughly. Insects, extirpate, now is the time; do not forget the soft 
soap, the sulphur, the sponge, and fumigation. Kidney-beans, pot in [ 
five-inch pots, four in a pot; the Dun's and Newington Wonder ; light I 
secure by all means ; keep glass clean washed. Nectarine and Peach 
in blossom, keep at about 55° by day, at night about 40°; water very 
sparingly; shake branches gently, to distribute the pollen ; stir earth 
around often. Pines, secure fio° to 70 ° to fruiters, with plenty of air ; 
bottom-heat, 77° in dung-pits, keep hardy by plenty of air, and good 
linings ; no water until the end of January. Roots, protect in all tubs, 
boxes, pots, &c. Sea-kale, provide successions; bottom-heat 70°. 
Strawberries, introduce good buds about the middle of December, 
earlier is not safe; begin at 50° in heat, and a bottom-heat 6o°. Tarra¬ 
gon, Mint, Sorrel, Marjoram, &c., introduce to bottom-heat. Let 
Heat follow in a ratio to the light, at any period. Ventilate as freely 
as you dare at all times. Vines to force, begin at 50° in blossom, 
maximum, 70 ° ; keep air moist, and get a warmth in border of 80°; 
sulphur treely; remember the dreaded mildew. Water, apply always 
in a tepid state. 
ORCHID HOUSE. 
Air. Excepting on very fine, bright, sunny mornings, when the heat 
of the sun and the fire combined raise the temperature too high, no air 
will be required this month. Blocks, plants on, syringe when the sun 
is likely to shine. Baskets with plants in, that are growing, dip in 
tepid water two or three times; those not growing dip only once. 
Baskets (new), make to be ready when wanted. Insects, destroy 
diligently ; one pair destroyed this month, will prevent a numerous brood 
next year. Moisture in the Air, supply to plants growing. Pot 
growing Plants. Several will start this month, do this before new 
roots are formed. Peat, procure ; choose the most fibrous ; the best is 
found in dry woods, where the Common Brake (Pteris aquilina) abounds ; 
the roots of this fern form the best fibrous peat. Stanhopeas, in 
baskets, beginning to grow, put into fresh baskets with fresh peat; four 
inches deep is quite sufficient. Water at the roots, apply only to 
growing plants, and that round the edges of the pots. Young Shoots, 
look to, and keep the centre dry, or they will rot. T. Appleby. 
PLANT STOVE. 
Air, give on all favourable occasions. Aciiimenes, pot a batch to 
flower early. Begonias, to bloom early, repot. Clerodendrums 
beginning to grow, repot towards the end of the month, place in heat, and 
water moderately. Krantiiemums, winter-flowering, water freely and 
occasionally with liquid-manure. Franciscea, pot a few, and place in 
heat, to flower early. Gardenias, pot a batch, and place in dung heat, 
to start them to grow, and kill insects on them, especially the red spider, 
the great enemy of Gardenias. Gesneras showing signs of growth, 
shake out of old soil, and pot in fresh compost, give little water and 
moderate heat till next month. Gloxinias, treat a few similarly. 
Hoya Bella, a new and beautiful species, put in baskets, and train 
downwards. Ixokas, keep cool, and moderately dry, through the month. 
Luculia guatissima, in flower, remove into a greenhouse, to prolong 
the bloom. Lycopods, divide and repot. Passifloras, prune, and tie 
neatly in. RoGieras, a new genus of winter-blooming plants, should 
benoiv showing flowers. Sericograpiiis Giieisbreghtiana, another 
addition to our winter-flowerers, repot, and water treely after the blooms 
are visible. In every department of the stove, let cleanliness prevail ; 
clear the surface of the pots of moss and lichen; stir up the soil care¬ 
fully, without injuring the root3 ; search diligently for insects; keep the 
walls and floors as dry and clean as possible ; remove decaying leaves as [ 
soon as they' occur; and let neatness be the general order of the clay j 
throughout the whole month. T. Appleby. 
FLORISTS’ FLOWERS. 
Auriculas and Polyanthuses, protect from severe frost; give air 
on every line day ; keep as dry as possible without flagging, remove de¬ 
caying leaves, and stir the surface of the soil occasionally. Carnations 
and Picotees, shelter from frost, snow, and heavy rains ; give air to on 
fine days, even to pulling off the glass; in wet weather give air by 
propping up the light behind ; water if very dry; watch for slugs, and 
destroy them. Dahlias, examine, cut off any decaying part to the 1 
quick; protect from frost. Hollyhocks may be planted in open j 
weather; mulch with short litter; cuttings pot off, and seedlings trans- | 
plant. Hyacinths in beds, shelter from frosts, by mulching. Pinks, j 
look to after frost, and press the earth to the plants. Ranunculus [ 
beds, prepare. Tulip beds, shelter from frost, heavy rains, and snow; I 
finish planting, b. Verbenas in frames, give abundance of air to; 
if mildew prevails, dust with sulphur; protect from hard frost ; water j 
seldom, and only then when absolutely necessary; pick off decaying 
leaves. In this month FREsn soils may be procured; leaves col¬ 
lected; heaps of manures, loam, and peat, frequently turn over to j 
sweeten and pulverize. T. Appleby. 
KITCHEN GARDEN. 
Artichokes, dress. Asparagus-beds, dress, b.; plant to force ; 
attend that in forcing. Beans, plant a good main crop the first week in 
