! 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
January 2!). 
| 284 
■ Grapes, late, keep dry and pool; tldn tlie berries. Heat, in all eases, 
in proportion to, and advancing with, light. Kidnev-p.eans, 65° to 70°; 
plenty of air, moisture, and a light situation. Melons, sow ; provide 
beds, Sic.; air-heat, 7(1° to 80° ; bottom-heat, 90° maximum. Moisture, 
constantly provide the air with, wherever firc-licat is used. Nectarines 
ns Peaches. Pines {Fruiters), rising, increase warmth and air moisture; 
liquid manure to the roots occasionally ; ( Successions ) still dry if in dung 
! pits. Peaches, disbud, and pinch gross shoots; fumigate occasionally. 
Potatoes, get out successions. Strawberries, introduce plenty; 
keep moist air, frequent ventilations near glass ; maximum 6o°. Toma¬ 
toes, sow, b. Ventilation, night and day, as long as air, moisture, 
and heat is secured. Vines, disbud early, and attend to thinning the 
berry ; keep clear of all waste spray. Keep a mellow state of air, neither 
damp nor dry, but a permanency of air moisture. Watering, attend 
to with regularity and precision. R. Eurington. 
ORCHARD. 
Apples, prune, train, and plant. Apricots, plant, train, and cover, 
b. Blossoms, cover directly, to retard. Cherries, plant, prune, 
train. Ciiesnuts, plant and sow. Currants, prune, plant, b. Cut¬ 
tings of all fruits, plant, b. Dressing, carry out of all borders; 
beware of the spade. Filberts, plant ; hang catkins, and remove 
suckers. Gooseberries, prune, plant, train. Grafts, collect imme¬ 
diately; put them in a cold corner ; in May commence operations at, e. 
Layers, make. Medlars, plant. Moss, remove; use brine. Mul¬ 
berries, plant. Nectarines, plant, prune, train. Orchard-trees, 
finish planting and pruning; top-dress old ones. Peaches, as Nec¬ 
tarines ; apply sulphur and lime wash. Plums, plant, prune, train. 
Pears, plant, prune, train. Quinces, plant. Raspberries, plant, 
prune, tie. Suckers, remove from all fruits. Vines, plant, prune, 
train. Walnuts, plant and sow. Watch for the scale, aphides, and 
other insects, and try to utterly exterminate them. 
R. Errington. 
GREENHOUSE. 
Air, admit freely among hard-wooded plants, such ns Ericas, F.pacris, 
1 Diosma, <\:o., when the atmosphere is clear, and the outside temperature 
from 35° to 40°. In damp, foggy, or frosty weather, it is better to use 
' little tiring, and keep the house more close, unless you have the means of 
i heating, and so far drying, the air before it is admitted—the drying, of 
course, to take place only when the air is loaded with moisture. When 
the fog gets into the house, light a little fire and give air, and it will soon 
be dispersed. All these plants will now want more water, but do not give 
it in drihblets ; after doing it thoroughly, wait patiently until the soil is 
getting dry. Those in full bloom may have similar treatment, especially 
if the sun will raise the house to 55°. Those swelling and opening their 
heads, must not be lower than 45°, with 10° or 15° more in the middle of 
the day. Azaleas and Camellias, place those swelling and bursting 
their buds in the warmest end of the house, and you may remove them 
to the coldest end when in bloom. Supply such rather liberally with 
water. Those to be retarded, keep as cool as possible, and not so moist. 
Bulbs, Cinerarias, and Primulas, in flower, assist with manure- 
water ; the double Chinese Primula give a warm corner, as it is (especially 
the white) a splendid object when well grown. The night temperature of 
these should not be below 45°, if desired to keep them in full bloom, 
with 10° more in the middle of the day. Cinerarias, for blooming, do 
best at this season in small pots; those desired to make fine specimens in 
May and June, should not now be allowed to be pot-bound, or be stunted 
anv way, but kept slowly growing. Forsythia viridissima, Deutzia 
senbra, and Weigelia rosea, will yield their blossoms during this and the 
following month if slightly forced. Forced hardy shrubs keep at the 
warmest end of the house at first. Beguniu obliqua makes a fine con¬ 
servatory plant in winter, if the night temperature is seldom below 45°. 
Calceolarias and Geraniums, keep at the best place for light and 
heat. All these soft-wooded plants require more heat than the hard- 
wooded ones; the former shift as necessary. The forwardest of the 
latter, stopped and shifted before Christmas, tie out and train. Place in 
flowering-pots those stopped some time ago, and now breaking ; and 
stop more young plants for succession, to be shifted when the buds have 
broken again. Franciscea latifolia, and uni flora, do well in a conserva¬ 
tory at this season, if they had previously received a little extra heat, 
after being allowed to become deciduous in the beginning of winter, the 
wood being well-perfected previously. Fuchsias, start some favourite 
kinds, if you can, in a nice, sweet, slight hotbed, as at this season they 
stand a little bottom-heat well, though, when fairly started, a medium 
temperature makes better plants than a high one. Cut them well 
down, and thin the shoots afterwards to as many stems as you may 
require. The young shoots taken off, treated as cuttings in the hot¬ 
bed, under a hand-light, or shaded, will make choice summer and 
autumn plants. Repot those for the greenhouse by the end of the month, 
and prune back freely; those intended for cottage windows had better 
remain in their winter quarters for another month, keeping them rather 
dry, and as cool as possible, so that more room at present may be afforded 
; to other plants. The same Hotbed would do for seeds, nuttings, &c.; 
1 and also for starting some Achimenes, Oesneras, and Gloxinias —the two 
former either in the pots in which they grew, or by removing the tubers, 
J and placing them in pans with light earth, until they grow a little; the 
latter either in their late pots before they spring, or, what will do as well, 
in fresh pots and soil, so that, whenever they start, they take hold of the 
fresh material. For Fires, Protection, Dressing, and Cleaning, 
' see last month, Insects will now begin to be busy, and the best antidotes 
; are sulphur vapour and tobacco fumigation, but, above, all, cleanliness 
and good cultivation. Scarlet Geraniums. Old plants, stored in 
pits, sheds, garrets, &c., examine. Remove all parts that are mouldy and 
1 damped. Dust with lime and charcoal, and expose more to the light, 
that the young shoots may break vigorous and strong. R. Fish. 
FLOWER-GARDEN. 
Anemones, sow ; finish planting, b. and e. Annuals (Tender), sow 
!n hotbed | admit nir to daily ! water slightly | cover with mats the glasses 
at night; sow seeds of blue and white Campanula carpatina in heat, for 
autumn-flowering, e.; pot old plants of each, and put in heat for cuttings, | 
b. ; sow Nemophila, and other Californian annuals, to flower after 
autumn-sown ones; (Hardy) sow in borders, e.; for early blowing, sow 
in pots in a hothouse. Auriculas, dress, and attend carefully those 
under glass, as the buds appear. Biennials (Hardy), sow, e. Bulbs, 
finish planting. Carnations, plant, and shelter from cold winds. 
Dahlias, sow, and place tubers in hotbed, to break buds for slipping. 
Dress borders generally. Edgings of Box, &c., Diay be planted ami 
repaired. (See January.) Cut round the roots of evergreens, to remove 
about next July. Evergreens removed last autumn may have liquid 
manure in fine weather. Evergreens, plant in mild weather, e. Grass, 1 
roll and sweep weekly. Gravel, roll, and weed in dry weather, weekly, 
and try the concrete system. Hedges (Deciduous), plant, b.; (Ever¬ 
green) plant, e. Hyacinths, shelter, for they begin to appear. Mig- ! 
nonette, sow in pots, and place in hotbed, or hothouse, and green¬ 
house, for succession. Neatness, attend to everywhere. Perennials 
(Hardy), sow, e. ; plant suckers, slips, and partings of roots; (Half- 
hardy) uncover, if frosts gone. Planting of flowering shrubs, complete. 
Polyanthuses, sow ; earth-up with rich compost. Potted Shrubs, 
prune, shift, and dress the soil; pot off bedding geraniums, &c., from 
stove pots. Ranunculuses, finish planting, b. and e. Roses, prune 
strong ones, and leave some to prune in April for late flowering ; manure | 
with cow-dung. Sowing of tree and shrub seeds, complete generally. 
Suptort, with stakes, Ike., newly-planted shrubs. Tulips, shelter, as 
they arc now appearing. Turf may he laid, and see that plants are in 
heat for cuttings, such as Lobelias, Verbenas, ike. 
Climbers, such as honeysuckles and jasmines, should be pruned and 
trained in the early days of the month. Reduce to moderate-sized patches 
such plants us phloxes, asters, veronicas, &c., otherwise they will occupy 
too much space, injure their neighbours, and harbour vermin. Herba¬ 
ceous plants should be planted out from nursery-beds into the borders 
without delay. Half-hanly shrubs, &c., may have their shelters partially 
removed, closing them up again at night, according to the mildness or 
inclemency of the season. D. Beaton. 
KITCHEN GARDEN. 
Artichokes, defend from frost. Asparagus, plant in liothcd, Rnd 
attend to that forcing. Balm, plant. Beans, plant; earth-stir, and 
transplant from frames, e. Beets, bow a little for early use; plant for 
seed, and dig up for storing any left in the bed. Borecole, sow, e. 
Brocoi.i, sow a little, e. Burnet, sow or plant. Cabbages, plant; 
sow; and plant for seed. Carrots, sow on gentle hotbed for early use ; 
attend early to thinning advancing crops, &c. ; plant for seed, e. Cau¬ 
liflowers, attend to airing, earth-stirring, removing all decayed leaves 
and slugs ; plant out winter standing, should the weather be open and 
mild, and attend to spring-sown crops (see last month); sow, if required ; 
prick out. Celery, attend to earthing-up, protection, &c.; leave for 
seed, and sow a little for early use. Chervil, sow. Chives, divide 
and plant out. Clary, sow, e. Composts, prepare and turn over. 
Coriander, sow. Corn-salad, sow. Cucumbers, attend to those 
forcing; prick and plant out; and sow in hotbeds. Dill, sow, m. Dung, 
prepare for hotbeds. Earthing-up, perform when necessary. Endive, 
still protect from wet and severe weather. Fennel, sow or plant. Gar¬ 
lic, plant. Horse-radish, plant. Jerusalem Artichokes, plant. 
Kidney Beans, sow in succession, &c. Keep a good supply of earths 
in the dry for immediate use. Leeks, plant for seed ; sow, e. Lettuces, 
plant out from frames, &c., of the winter standing, towards the end of 
the month, and sow in the open border. If short of plants, sow in frames 
on a gentle hotbed at tlie beginning of the month. Liquorice, plant 
and dig up. Melons, plant out lor early crops; sow and pot off; attend 
to this sort of work on a kindly calm afternoon, just before shutting-up 
time. Mint, force in hotbed; plant. Mushroom-beds, make in suc¬ 
cession, and attend to those in bearing. Mustard and Cress, sow in 
succession. Onions, sow main crop towards the middle to the end of 
tlie month ; also plant for seed, if not done ; and plant the Underground 
or Potato onion. Parsnips, take up where left in the ground till now; 
plant or leave for seed ; also sow towards the middle of the month, par¬ 
ticularly in light soils. Parsley, sow. Peas, sowings may be made 
both of early and second on the same day, where the soil works well, as 
the one will be found a good succession to the other at picking-time; also 
to suit some unfavourable situations, it is well to sow in frames in small 
pots, or in sods of turf, which is by some thought best, to plant out when 
a good season offers; also attend to sticking, earthing-up, and protecting 
other forward crops. Pennyroyal, plant, e. Potatoes, plant in hot¬ 
bed of any favourite early kinds ; this may be done from the first to the 
end of the month ; also plant out during this month all the main crops, 
if the soil will admit of it, and plant whole sets in preference to cut ones ; 
also look over those in store often, to keep shoots rubbed off. Radishes, 
attend to (see January), and sow in succession either in border or hotbed. 
Rape (for salading), sow; (Edible-rooted) sow. Rhubarb, sow in 
large pans, or open warm border, and attend to that forcing, either in¬ 
doors, or cover up with pots or tubs and fermenting materials. Sage 
and Savory, plant, e. Salsafy, sow, e, in small quantity, for early 
use. Savoys, sow, m. and e. Scorzonera, 6ow, e., in small quantity, j 
for early use. Sea-kale, attend to that forcing; cover up in succession. 
Siiai.ots, plant. Skiruets, sow, e. Spinach, weed, sow, m. Sor¬ 
rels, sow or plant, e. Tansy, Thyme, and Tarragon, plant, e. 
Turnips, plant for seed; sow, e. Vacant Ground, dig; weed, Ike. 
There is a right time and a right way of doing everything. Plant out in 
mild, open weather ; wheel out manure, Ike., on frosty mornings, or on 
a fine, dry day; make good use of the hoc on fine, dry days, in stirring 
among the various crops ; look over all in-door stores in rainy weather ; 
and tie the ends of new mats before they are applied to use. 
T. Weaver. 
London: Printed by Harry Wooldridge, Winchester High-street, 
in the Parish of Saint Mary Kalendar; and Published by William 
Somerville Orr, at the Office, No. 12, Amen Corner, in the Parish of 
Christ Church, City of London.—January sgth, 1862. 
