128 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
November 14. 
budded on them. For twelve varieties, placed in the order 
of their ripening, the undermentioned may with safety he 
recommended* (in the following lists, varieties marked thus 
* may he chosen by those who require only a few trees). 
]. Doyenne d’ete* 
July 
2. Bonne d’Ezee . 
August 
3. Bon Chretien (Williams’)* 
September 
4. Baronne de Mello* 
October 
5. Fondante d'Automne 
October 
6. Louise Bonne of Jersey* 
m. £ e. October 
7. Alexandre Lambrb 
Nov. and Dec. 
8. Beurre d’Aremberg* 
December 
9. Beurre Sterkman* 
c. December 
10. Zephirine Gregoire 
January 
11. Josephine de Malines . 
March 
12. Bergamotte d’Esperen* 
April and May 
ir twenty-four add— 
13. Saint Denis . 
August 
14. Beurre Superfin . 
September 
15. Colmar d'ete 
September 
10. Beurre Hardy 
October 
17. Doyenne Gris 
e. October 
18. Duchesse d’Angoulemo 
b. November 
19. Urbaniste 
c. November 
20. Winter Nelis* 
December 
21. Beurre d’Anjou 
c. December 
22. Bezy d’Esperen . 
January 
23. Prince Albert 
March 
24. Prevost. 
April 
The above succeed on the quince, and form well-shaped, 
excellent pyramids. 
PROPER DISTANCES FOR PLANTING PYRAMIDAL AND OTHER 
FRUIT TREES. 
Pyramidal pear trees and bushes on quince stocks, root- 
pruned for small gardens, four feet apart. 
The same in large gardens, not root-pruned, six feet apart. 
Pyramidal pear trees on the pear-stock, root-pruned, six 
feet apart. 
The same roots, not pruned, eight to ten feet, the latter if 
the soil be very rich. 
Horizontal espalier pear trees on the quince stock for 
rails or walls, twelve feet apart. 
Upright espaliers on the quince stock for rails or walls, 
four to six feet apart. 
Horizontal espaliers on the pear stock for rails or walls, 
twenty to twenty-four feet apart. 
Pyramidal plum trees, six feet apart. 
Espalier plum trees, twenty feet apart. 
Pyramidal apple trees on the paradise stock, root pruned 
for small gardens, four feet apart. 
The same, roots not pruned, six feet apart. 
Espalier apple trees on the paradise stock, fifteen feet 
apart. 
The same on the crab stock, twenty to twenty-four feet 
apart. 
Peaches and nectarines for walls, fifteen to twenty feet 
apart. 
Apricots for walls, twenty feet apart. 
Cherries, as bushes on the Mahaleb stock, root-pruned 
for small gardens, four feet apart. 
| The same roots, not pruned, six feet apart. 
Espalier cherry trees on the Mahaleb, for rails or walls, 
twelve to fifteen feet apart. 
The same on the cherry stock, twenty feet apart, 
i Standard pear, apple, plum, and cherry trees, for orchards, 
twenty feet apart. 
THE PEACII TRELLIS OF THOMAS WHITE, ESQ., MANOR 
HOUSE, WEATI1ERSFIELD, ESSEX. 
In the autumn of the year 1851, Mr. White, while walking 
through the grounds, happened to see my small Kerrian 
trellis with moveable lights, and on his return home the 
idea occurred to him that it might be enlarged, and the 
principle improved upon, so as to be able to grow fruit 
enough for a large family. In the autumn of that year 
f All the varieties recommended for pyramids may also bo planted as 
espaliers to train to rails in the usual mode. 
80 feet. 
12 feet. 
8 feet. 
14 inches. 
14 feet long. 
13 feet wide. 
2 feet deep. 
he accordingly built a trellis-house of the following di¬ 
mensions :— 
Length. 
Width (inside) .... 
Height at back .... 
Height at front .... 
Rafters (fixed twenty inches apart) 
Trellis (fifteen inches from the glass) 
Sunken path in centre . 
The front and back plates both rest on larch poles about 
four or five feet apart; a shutter, twelve inches wide, on 
hinges, forms with a slip of board the front wall. The back 
wall is made with long faggots of brushwood—a double row ; 
the ends are boarded up, and a door is at each end. Perhaps 
no gardening structure was ever built so cheaply, and none 
ever produced such marvellous effects. The trees, dwarf and 
standard trained peaches and nectarines, two or three years 
trained, twelve of the former and six of the latter, were 
planted in February, 1852 ; and this season (1804), only the 
third year of their growth, they have given 5,000 peaches and 
nectarines. On one tree of the Noblesse Peach there were 
500 peaches, and the same number or more on a tree of the 
Ebruge Nectarine. This seems enough to ruin the health 
of the trees, and so I thought when I heard of it; but when 
f saw the excessive vigour of the trees, I thought Mr. White 
and his gardener not so far wrong in allowing them to bear 
such an enormous crop. The dwarf trees have reached to 
the top of the trellis, and cover it so completely, that the 
standards must be removed this autumn. 
Mr. White was, I believe, offered the sum that the house 
cost him—somewhere about T40—for his crop of peaches 
and nectarines. The vigour of the trees is quite astonish¬ 
ing ; the stems of some of them are twelve or more inches 
in circumference ; they are planted inside the front shutter, 
and laid directly on the trellis. The remarkable success of 
this simple structure seems owing entirely to the perfection 
of its ventilation; the front shutter has been open night 
and day in warm weather, and the air passes gently and 
constantly through its brushwood back wall, so as entirely 
to prevent stagnation. The trees have been syringed regu¬ 
larly night and morning, and are in the finest possible 
health. As this brushwood wall is unsightly, and dangerous 
in some situations owing to its capability of harbouring rats 
and mice, we must now sec what can be substituted for its 
perfect ventilating property. Hedges to lean-to houses, as I 
know from experience, are too cold to ripen peaches and 
nectarines, although highly favourable to the growth of the 
trees; it therefore appears to me that the perforated bricks, 
now largely manufactured, could be used with advantage in 
this way. The wall, eight feet in height, should be built 
five feet high from the ground with common bricks; and 
then, three feet up to the top for the plate to rest on, with 
perforated bricks placed edgewise; in very cold weather in 
March, when the trees are in blossom, a curtain of calico, or 
any other common material, might be arranged so as to 
cover this space of the perforated wall at night, and in May 
it may be removed for the summer. This perforated space, 
with the front shutter constantly open, will, in my opinion, 
be perfect for a peach trellis, and not unsightly. 
It will be seen, from what I have said, that Mr. White’s 
trellis differs from Mr. Iver’s in this way,—the roof is fixed, 
and not of removeable lights; the trees are pruned and the 
fruit is gathered from underneath, so that all the operations 
of culture are performed under shelter, and in a climate at 
all times favourable. 
THE FOOD OF FRANCE, AND ENGLAND. 
In a recent tour in France, we could not but remark the 
profusion of fruit and vegetables with which the markets 
were stocked. The simple fare of the lower classes consist¬ 
ing mainly of them and of bread. The large proportion 
of vegetables employed in their skilful cookery was also 
strikingly apparent. 
Since our return, in considering these widely different 
habits of the French and English population, it seemed 
desirable to contrast, by accurate statistical returns, the 
amount of food consumed by each nation. This was some 
years since attempted by Sir Charles Lemon, (Journal JRoyal 
