173 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
November 28. 
give it oftener, and after breakfast, and with the liquid rather higher than 
the temperature of the house. Temperature, 45° during the day, 40° 
at night, with 5° to l(«°morc, at the warm end, or a conservatory, for 
placing tenderer and forced flowers when first introduced, allowing in each 
case a rise of 10° or 15° for sun heat. In severe weather, prefer covering, 
even during the day, to large fires; comparative darkness in a low tem¬ 
perature, for a short time, is preferable to light and a parched atmo¬ 
sphere. Young plants just potted-off, or in their cutting pots, suffer 
often at this season from two opposite causes. First, in the windows of 
sitting-rooms—the dry air exhausts them ; and here, instead of soaking 
the roots, sponging and sprinkling the foliage is the preventive. In pits 
and frames without, fire-heat, with all the air you can give, some will 
damp off. Avoid everything of a wet or fermenting material against 
the walls or boarding. Two or three inches of thick wheat straw tied 
firmly against them will help to keep the inside both warm and dry. 
It. Fish. 
FORCING HOUSE. 
Air, see Ventilation. Asparagus, promote succession crops; bottom- 
heat 70°; plenty of air when up. Apricots see Peach. Bottom- 
iieat, sustain generally about 72° to 76 °- Cucumbers, top dress; apply 
liquid-manure and stop, and keep glass clean over head ; air heat, 6o° to 
70 °. C iierr ( es, see Peach. Coverings, apply assiduously, so as to be 
able to give air frequently. Fires, use discreetly, to repel frost, to 
sustain the proper temperature, and to be able to give air rather liberally. 
Figs, see Peach. Glass : wash all roofs. Grapes, lute fruit, fire freely 
in the day, with much air; avoid spilling water in house, and use the 
syringe once a-week thoroughly, Insects, extirpate, now is the time; 
do not forget the soft-soap, the sulphur, the sponge, and fumigation. 
Kidney-beans, pot in five-inch pots, four in a pot; the Dim. s* and 
Newington Wonder ; light, secure by all means ; keep glass clean washed. 
Mushrooms, temperature, 50° to 55°; plenty of air moisture. Nec¬ 
tarine and Peach in blossom, keep at about 55° by day, at night 
about 40°; water very sparingly; shake branches gently, to distribute 
the pollen ; stir earth around often. Pines, secure 60° to 70° to fruiters, 
with plenty of air; bottom-heat, 77° in dung-pits ; keep hardy by plenty 
of air, and good linings; no water until the end of January. Roots, 
protect in all tubs, boxes, pots, &c. Sea-kale, provide successions; 
bottom - heat /3°. Strawberries, introduce about the middle of 
December, earlier is not safe ; begin at 50° in heat, and a bottom- 
heat <3o°. Tarragon, Mint, Sorrel, Marjoram, &c., introduce to 
bottom-heat. Let Heat follow in a ratio to the light, at any period. 
Ventilate as freely as you dare at all times. Vines, to force, begin at 
f»0°; in blossom, maximum, 70 °: keep air moist, and get a warmth in 
border of 75°; sulphur freely; remember the dreaded mildew. Water, 
apply always in a tepid state. R. Errington. 
FLOWER-GARDEN. 
Anemones, defend in bad weather; plant, if mild, for the last time 
till February. Auriculas, defend in inclement weather. Bulbs 
omitted, may be planted if the weather be mild (See November). Car¬ 
nations, defend in inclement weather. Composts, prepare. Cro¬ 
cuses, take up and pot in lumps, to force in pots. Dig over borders, 
and dress all quarters generally. Edgings, trim. Fibrous-rooted 
perennials and biennials, divide and plant. Flowers, (choice), defend 
generally from inclement weather. Grass, roll occasionally, if winter be 
mild. Gravel, roll and keep orderly. Hawthorn, gather berries and 
bury in sand, to sow next October. Hedges, plant, and clip deciduous 
ones. Hyacinths, defend in inclement weather. Leaves, collect for 
compost. Mulcii round the roots and stems of shrubs newly planted. 
Plant shrubs of all kinds. Potted Plants, protect in deep frames, 
&c.; place in hothouse for forcing. Privet, gather seeds of, and make 
young shoots into cuttings in bad weather; lay them in damp sand or 
soil, and set next February. Prune all shrubs requiring regulation. 
Pruned Roses, scrape bark, and wash with lime and soot. Ranun¬ 
culuses, defend in bad weather; plant, if mild; seedlings of them 
require protection. Stake shrubs newly planted, and any others re¬ 
quiring support. Suckers may be planted as removed during the 
winter dressing. Tulips, defend in bad weather. Ture may be laid 
in open weather. Uncover protected plants, and, if not dry, place dry 
materials next them. Water in glasses, change weekly ; add a few 
grains of salt, or five drops of spirit of hartshorn. Buy all your Trees 
and Shrubs forthwith, and put them in ground, preparatory for final 
planting in February. Think on the Icf.-iieap, and let leaves be 
gathered to cover it. See, also, that the ponds of water from which you 
get ice are freed from leaves and sticks, &c. D. Beaton. 
FLORISTS* FLOWERS. 
Auriculas and Polyanthuses, protect from severe frost; give air on 
every fine day; keep as dry as possible without flagging ; remove decay¬ 
ing leaves, and stir the surface of the soil occasionally. Calceolarias : 
seedlings transplant; seed may yet be sown. Carnations and Pico- 
tees, shelter from frost, snow, and heavy rains; give air to on fine days, 
even to pulling off the glass; in wet weather give air by propping up the 
light behind; water, if very dry; watch for slugs, and destroy them. 
Cinerarias, protect from frost; repot seedlings. Chrysanthemums, 
give occasional supplies of liquid-manure to, to bring' out the later blos¬ 
soms. Dahlias, examine; cut off any decaying part to the quick; 
protect from frost. Fuchsias, cut off young wood, and keep the plant 
dry. Hollyhocks may be planted in open weather; mulch with 
short litter ; cuttings pot off, and seedlings transplant. Hyacinths in 
beds, shelter from frost, by mulching. Hyucinths in pots , place a few 
in heat, to bloom early; in glasses, wash the roots in pure water, to 
cleanse oft the green slime ; give them freshwater in the glasses. Tali. 
Lobelias, take up, pot, and pack away in a shed, till they make fresh 
plants. Ranunculus beds, prepare. Tulip beds, shelter from frost, 
heavy rains, and snow; finish planting, b. Verbenas in frames, give 
abundance of air to ; if mildew prevails, dust with sulphur ; protect from 
hard frost; water seldom, and only then when absolutely necessary; 
pick off decaying leaves. In this month fresh soils may be procured ; 
leaves collected; heaps of manures, loam, and peat, frequently turn 
over to sweeten and pulverise, T. Appleby, 
ORCHARD. 
Almonds, plant. Apples (Espalier), prune, &c.; plant, &c. Apri¬ 
cots, plant. Brine, apply with a scrubbing-brush to stems and 
branches of fruit-trees, to destroy insects, eggs, and moss. Compost, 
provide. Cherries (Wall and Espalier), prune and train; plant. 
Chestnuts, plant. Currants, prune ; plant. Cuttings of Goose¬ 
berries and Currants may be planted. Espaliers, prune and regulate. 
Figs, protect from frost. Filberts, plant. Fork the surface around 
fruit-trees. Fruit-room, ventilate occasionally, and keep dark. Goose¬ 
berries, plant, prune. Layers, plant. Loam and Compost, obtain. 
Medlars, plant. Mulberries, plant. Mulch, put around newly- 
planted trees. Nails and Siireds, draw and prepare in bad weather. 
Nectarines, plant; prune and train in frosty weather. Nailing, 
proceed with in cold aspects. Peaches (See Nectarines). Pears, 
plant. Planting, in general, proceed with. Plums, plant; (Wall and 
Espalier), prune. Pruning, attend to generally. Quinces, plant. 
Root-prunf. where necessary. Raspberries, plant; prune. Services, 
plant. Snails, destroy in their torpid state. Stake and support trees 
newly planted. Standards, remove dead and irregular branches from. 
Stations, make. Suckers, plant; remove from all fruits. Training, 
proceed with. Trench and prepare borders, &c., for planting. Thin 
orchard trees. Vines, plant, prune, and train. Weather (bad), 
provide work for. Walnuts, plant. Wall-trees, generally, prune 
and regulate. Walls; it is a very beneficial plan to paint these by 
means of a white-washer’s brush, with a liquid mixture of 8lbs. lime, 
4 lbs. soot, and 6 lbs. sulphur. It destroys and banishes insects, as well 
as by its dark colour promoting warmth of the wall. The liquid em¬ 
ployed, in which to mix the above, should be urine and soap-suds in equal 
proportions. 
Any trees proposed to be regrafted in the spring may be headed down 
now, but the stumps of the branches should be left sufficiently long to 
permit a few inches more to be cut off at the time of grafting. 
R. Errington. 
KITCHEN-GARDEN. 
Artichokes, dress. Asparagus-belts, dress, b.; plant to force ; 
attend that in forcing. Beans, plant a good main crop the first week in 
the month, if not done the last week in November. Beets (Red), dig 
up and store, b. Borecoles, full-grown, may be taken up with good 
balls of earth, and planted in any nook or corner, or plot of ground of less 
value, in open weather. Brocolis, treat the same, but lay in deeper, so 
as to earth-up the stems well; lay them in carefully, with their heads 
towards the north. Thus moving these vegetables gives an opportunity 
to prepare the quarters they occupied for other important crops; they are 
thus better enabled to stand the severe weather that may be expected, 
and, being closer together, they are much more convenient for protection. 
Cabbages, plant; earth up. Cardoons, earth up. Carrots, store 
the main crops, if not done, and attend to those growing in frames, &c. 
Cauliflowers, attend to airing in all favourable weather those in 
frames or under hand-glasses; remove all decayed leaves, and look after 
slugs. Celery, eartli-up, and protect when necessary. Coleworts, 
plant. Composts, prepare and turn over. Cucumbers, attend to those 
bearing ; sow seed towards the end of the month for plants to plant out 
in the middle of January. Dung, prepare for hotbeds, Eartiiing-up 
attend to. Endive, take up lull-grown on a dry day, and plant deep 
and close together at the foot of walls, or other warm dry corners conve¬ 
nient for protection in severe leather. Horseradish may he dealt 
with in the same w'ay as directed for the Jerusalem Artichoke. Hotbeds, 
attend to. Jerusalem Artichokes, give a good top-covering of any 
rough mulching or garden-refuse, so as to keep out frost, and to enable 
them to be taken up when required ; yet it is well to have a few of the 
roots stored for fear of snow, or other rough weather, at the very time 
they are wanted. Kidney Beans, force, e. Leaves, fallen, collect 
together. Lettuces, attend to those advancing in frames on a gentle 
heat; see that no drip falls into the hearts of the plants, and give all 
the air the weather will permit to such as are planted in frames for 
winter protection only. LiauoRiCE, dig up. Mint, force. Mush¬ 
room-beds, make; attend to those in production. Parsnips, dig 
up and store, b. Peas, sow in the open ground of the best early kinds, 
protecting them from frost, mice, slugs, and birds. Plants, to produce 
seed, attend to, b. Potatoes may be planted in light soils in open 
weather, and in hotbeds towards the end of the month ; examine often 
the in-door stores. Radishes and Small Sai.ading, sow in frames, 
&c. Rhubarb, take up and pot off for forcing, or cover up with pots or 
tubs and fermenting materials. Ska-kale, cover up with fermenting 
materials; fallen leaves are the best materials both for covering up the 
Sea-kale and Rhubarb. Spinach, keep clear of weeds, and fallen and 
decayed leaves. Tansy, force. Tarragon, force. Trench, drain, 
&c., vacant ground. Weeding, attend to. Be on the alert of a frosty- 
looking evening, and Cover up a little earlier. Turnips; any quan¬ 
tity, according to the demand, may be taken up and stored, or packed up 
tidy in a corner, to be buried in coal-ashes, so as to be come-at-able 
when required. We always make it a rule, at this season of the year, to 
store in little or much, according to the appearance of the weather, a 
dozen or two of Celery , and Endive , Brocoli , or anything else that is 
likely to be required. T. Weaver. 
London : Printed by Harry Wooldridge, Winchester High-street, 
in the Parish of Saint Mary Kalendar; and Published by William 
Somerville Orr, of Church Hill, Walthamstow, in the County of 
Essex, at the Office, No. 2, Amen Corner, in the Parish of Christ¬ 
church, City of London.—November 28, 1854. 
