February 20. 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
403 
a pig to every individual in the colony. These proportions, 
it is true, show a slight decrease in the ratio of stock to 
population, compared with those of last year, but it is 
almost insignificant. 
The live stock of the colony is distributed as follows :— 
within the settled districts there are 06,431 horses, 468,461 
horned cattle, 62,720 pigs, and 2,040,801 sheep; whilst be¬ 
yond the settled distiicts there are 43,334 horses, 1,088,834 
homed cattle, 8,676 pigs, and 5,888,007 sheep. The esti¬ 
mated value of the live stock exported in 1852 was .£10,000; 
in 1853 it was £36,829. The imports in the same period 
were confined to sixty-eight sheep of the estimated value 
of £68. 
Connected with the return of live stock are the returns of 
the products derived from it, and the first of these we come 
to is that of tallow and lard, made in the colony. This 
return extends from the year 1844, when there were 43 
boiling-down establishments in the colony ; 127,280 sheep, 
16,891 cattle, and 388 hogs slaughtered, returning 28,901 
cwt. of tallow, and 11,481 lbs. of lard. In 1845 there were 
52 establishments; 85,377 sheep, 36,361 horned cattle, and 
522 hogs slaughtered ; 46,854 cwt. of tallow, and 25,323 lbs. 
of lard rendered. In 1846, 34 establishments; 33,538 
sheep, 9,438 horned cattle, and 184 hogs slaughtered; 
16,802 cwt. of tallow, 'and 7,114 fits, of lard rendered. In 
1847, 49 establishments; 128,741 sheep, 32,012 horned 
cattle, and 54 hogs slaughtered; 58,963 cwt. of tallow and 
1680 lbs. of lard rendered. In 1848, 55 establishments; 
165,701 sheep, 33,097 homed cattle, 56 hogs slaughtered ; 
60,842 cwt. of tallow, and 1865 tbs. of lard rendered. In 
1849, 80 establishments; 393,071 sheep, 35,744 homed cattle, 
252 hogs slaughtered; 85,075 cwt. of tallow, 29,629 lbs. of 
lard rendered. In 1850, 94 establishments ; 292,416 sheep, 
60,385 cattle and 45 hogs slaughtered; 128,330 cwt. of 
tallow, 2916 tbs. lard rendered. In 1852, 72 establishments; 
269,845 sheep, 42,231 horned cattle, 25 hogs slaughtered, 
88,145 cwt. and 2000 lbs. of lard rendered. In 1851, 72 
establishments; 292,000 sheep, 74,194 horned cattle, and 
24 hogs slaughtered; 147,947, cwt. tallow, 1200 lbs. of lard 
rendered. The return for 1853 is not complete, but so far 
as it goes, it shows 39 establishments; 96,895 sheep, 29,959 
horned cattle, slaughtered; and 64,485 cwt. of tallow rendered. 
The quantity of sheep and cattle slaughtered, for boiling 
down purposes, is thus shewn to be considerably less than it 
was in the year 1852. 
The next return we come to is the return of wool ex¬ 
ported. In 1844, the wool exported was 9,215,944 lbs., 
valued at £471,300. In 1845,10,522,921 lbs., value £612,705. 
In 1846, 10,072,570 lbs., value, £668,544. In 1847, 
12,169,684 lbs., value, £706,313. In 1848, 12,445,048 lbs., 
value, £683,623. In 1849, 13,396,525 lbs., value, £663,965. 
In 1850, 14,270,622 lbs., value, £788,051. In 1851, 
15,268,473 lbs., value, £828,302. In 1852, 11,086,974 lbs., 
value, £676,815. In 1853, 16,358,869 lbs., value, £999,896. 
It is very gratifying to find that both in quantity and value, 
the export of wool has exceeded very largely that of any 
former year. 
The value of the tallow exported in 1853 was £134,708, 
being about £8000 under the export of the previous year. 
Another return dependent on that of live stock is the 
export of salted and preserved meats. Tn the year 1853, the 
quantity of salted meats exported was 913 tons 16 cwt.; the 
quantity of bacon and hams was 2792 cwt.; of tongues, 4 
tons 19 cwt.; and of preserved meats, 1694 cwt., leaving a 
total estimated value, £26,646, being by £12,000 the largest 
export of this sort of produce from the colony in one year. 
Of hides and leather, the export of manufactured and un¬ 
manufactured, was in 1852, estimated at £37,661; in 1853, 
at £41,159, showing an increase of £3500. 
Another export dependent on the live stock of the colony 
is that of butter and cheese, but as it is difficult to ascertain 
from the returns what proportion of the export of these 
articles was the production of the colony, and what was 
confined to imported articles, it is safer not to include it in 
the list of productions. 
In addition to this, we find that the manufacture of cloth 
and tweeds from colonial wool, in the year 1853, amounted 
to 146,660 yards. 
From this branch of productive industry, therefore, we 
find that the export of live stock was valued at £36,779; 
the export of tallow, to £134,708; the export of wool, to 
£999,896; the export of hides and leather, to £41,159; 
the export of salt meat, to £26,646; whilst the export of 
butter and cheese, of woollens the manufacture of the 
colonjq together with horns, bones, &c., could not amount to 
less than £50,000. Now this would show a present income 
derived by the colony from its pastoral productions of 
£1,239, 188, or at the rate of about £5 10s. to every man, 
woman and child in the colony. 
The export of timber from the colony is also the only 
approximate way at which we can arrive at the extent of its 
production, beyond the quantity required for home consump¬ 
tion, which, however, at the rate building has been progress¬ 
ing, must be enormous, compared with our population. In 
1852 the export was estimated at £17,330; in 1853, it was 
£82,217, from which, however, must be deducted a large 
number of packages of imported wooden houses. Still there 
is no doubt that, this branch of production has been in¬ 
creasing very largely. The export of bark for the year 1852 
was £344; in 1853 it was only £215, showing a decrease 
of £129 .—Sidney Morning Herald. 
HOW LONDON IS SUPPLIED WITH MEAT, 
POULTRY, VEGETABLES, AND MILK. 
( Concluded from page 386.) 
The South-Western and the South-Eastern are the two 
principal lines for foreign fruit; the former brings large 
quantities of Spanish and Portuguese produce—such as 
oranges, grapes, melons, nuts, &c.; the latter conveys 
apples, pears, strawberries, peaches, nectarines, etc., from 
Dover, to which place they are brought by steamers. To 
show how enormous is the supply from abroad, we give, 
on the authority of the goods-manager of the South- 
Eastern line, the amount brought by them in one night:— 
100 tons of green peas from France. 
50 „ of fruit from Kent. 
10 „ of filberts from Kent. 
25 ,. of plums from France. 
10 „ of black currants from France. 
In all 195 tons; out of which 135 were from across the 
water. The Brighton and South Coast transmit the produce 
of Jersey and Dieppe—apples, pears, and plums—to the 
extent last year of about 300 tons. Of vegetables the 
Great Northern is the principal carrier: last year they brought 
to town the enormous quantity of 45,819 tons of potatoes, 
besides 1940 tons of other vegetables. The potatoes mainly 
proceed from the fen country. Walnuts generally come by 
the Antwerp boats, which sometimes carry cargoes of between 
400 and 500 tons. Everybody who has travelled in the Low 
Countries remembers the magnificent walnut-trees which 
grow along the sides of the canals as commonly as elms in 
our own country. These eke out our scantier native stores, 
and help to make cosier the after-dinner chat over the glass 
of port. During two mornings that we visited Covent 
Garden we saw 613 bushel-baskets of strawberries that had 
just corne from Honfluer, and upwards of 1000 baskets of 
greengages arrived from the same neighbourhood during the 
week. As we gazed, on one of these occasions, upon the 
solid walls of baskets extending down the market crowned 
with parapets of peach and nectarine boxes, we wondered in 
our own minds whether it would ever be all sold, and the 
wonder increased as waggon after waggon arrived, piled up as 
high as the second floor window of the piazza. Venturing to 
express this doubt to a lazy-looking man who was plaiting 
the strands of a whip, “ Blessee, sir,” he replied, without 
looking up from his work, “ the main part on ’em will be at 
Brummagem by dinner-time." True enough ; while we had 
been guessing and wondering, a nimble fellow had run to 
the telegraph, and inquired of Birmingham, and a few distant 
towns, whether they were in want of certain fruits that 
morning. The answer being in the affirmative, the vans 
turned round, rattled off to the North-Western station, and 
in another hour the superfluity of Covent Garden was 
rushing on its way to fill up the deficiency of the midland 
counties. Thus the wire and steam, both at home and 
abroad, cause the supply to respond instantly to the demand, 
however wide apart the two principles may be working. 
