March 27. 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
497 
of vegetable physiology, it is found, that in proportion as a 
plant is allowed to expand itself to its natural state will its 
size and productiveness be increased. 
When Turnips were first cultivated in this country, being 
] left only a few inches apart, they were supposed to produce 
good crops. With experience came improvements, progress¬ 
ing to the present time, when thirty inches, row from row, is 
not considered too much for them ; Mangold Wurtzel and 
| Potatoes the same. Peas, Beans, Carrots, Parsnips, fruit- 
, trees and forest-trees; in short, everything vegetable are 
; influenced by the same laws of nature. Withhold from 
them the proper space to grow and to expand themselves to 
their natural state and they become puny and reproductive. 
The sowings of Oats, Barley, and Clover, must now be 
completed as soon as possible. 
MANGOLD WURTZEL 
succeeds best in good, stiff land, which hadbeen well worked 
and dunged at the time of sowing, and thrown up into ridges 
twenty-six inches apart, into which the seed, about the 
middle of the month, should be dibbled twelve inches apart. 
, The Orange Globe is a good sort, the cattle prefer it, and it 
yields as large a crop as any. 
BELGIAN CARROT. 
Five pounds of seed, mixed with a couple of bushels of 
sand, or ashes, will he sufficient to sow an acre in rows fifteen 
inches apart. A little Oats scattered along the drills will 
j spring up before the Carrots, and point out the rows for the 
early application of the hoe as soon as weeds appear. 
The following memorandum I kept to prove the profits 
on an acre of Belgian Carrots grown, under unusually dis¬ 
advantageous circumstances, in a rough piece of ground, 
where large trees had been felled, and which will account 
for the great expense of cultivation &c., incurred. 
;£ s. d. 
Digging eighteen inches deep one acre.10 0 0 
Seed and labour sowing it .1 10 0 
Thinning and hoeing three times between the rows 12 6 
Taking up, sorting, and pitting the same .. .. 1 7 6 
Tons cwt. 
£ 
s. 
d. 
14 
0 
0 
7 
15 at 
50s per ton .. 
.. 19 
7 
6 
0 
Hi at 
45s 
do 
1 
5 
4 
1 
0 at 
40s 
do 
2 
0 
0 
22 
12 
10 
£22 
12 
10 
Profit 8 
12 
10 
W. Keane. 
NOTES FROM PARIS —No. 9. 
THE UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION. 
The building of the Universal Exhibition here is remark¬ 
able for its strength and lightness; while, as might be 
expected, no pains have been spared to make it worthy of 
the reputation of Parisian artists as far as regards embellish¬ 
ment and ornament. The general design has but little 
which resembles its great prototype of Hyde Park, except 
the roof, and even that, though all glass, does not 
present anything like the grand proportions of Paxton’s 
transept. Nevertheless, there is no want of dazzling 
splendours, chaste outlines, or beauties, in the Palais 
d'Industrie, which has evidently been erected for the benefit 
and admiration of a future generation as well as the present. 
The facade, nearly in the form of a pentagon, is built of 
massive blocks of a sort of free stone, which is found 
abundantly near the capital, and which is both durable and 
easily wrought. At the side-angles are groups of figures, with 
fruits and flowers in cornucopias; also various instruments 
used in the arts and sciences. In the centre, or upper- 
angle, is a group of much larger figures, the principal 
of which is a female in an erect posture, and with the arms 
extended on each side, as if holding out crowns of honour 
to genius and industry. This fine group, however, is not 
yet completed. 
But, apart from the building itself, the approaches to it, 
and the immediate vicinity, although it is but little removed 
from the centre of Paris, will be very different indeed from 
the neighbourhood of Rotten-row; for the wretched hovels 
that formed so great an eye-sore in the approaches to the 
original Crystal Palace would not be suffered to exist here. 
Happily, or unhappily, we do not say, but only note the fact. 
All the approaches to the Exhibition of Paris are entirely 
in keeping with the magnificent building itself; and whatever 
rout is chosen, the visitor will be gradually prepared for the 
gorgeous spectacle that will meet his view in arriving at his 
destination. One way or another, he must pass fine 
buildings, sculptures, and fountains, or go through the 
ancient garden of the Tulleries, with its stately trees and 
statuary. The Place de la Concorde, in itself an exhibition, 
will lead him to the grand avenue of Champs Elysee , the 
noble Arc de Triomphe in the distance, and innumerable 
trees on each side, under whose shade he will be glad 
enough to retreat from a warm summer sun. The ground 
immediately in front of the building is to be laid out as an 
ornamental garden. For this purpose, some scores of fine 
old trees have already been cut down, and others are marked 
for destruction ; and the fine weather which is now set in 
will enable the men to proceed rapidly with the work of 
forming the ground on each side of the entrance. The two 
plots, or clumps, will extend the whole length of the 
building, that is to say, of the fa?ade, and will be about 
thirty yards each, by eighteen yards wide. These plots will 
be laid out in flower-beds, and grass in the form of walks, 
though most likely they will only be trod by the men who 
shall have the care of keeping them in order. The beds 
are to be bordered with ivy, which is much used here as an 
edging, and looks very well when kept neatly trimmed. In 
the centre, that is to say, the centre of the principal 
entrance, is to be an oval basin, about twenty yards long 
and four yards wide, having a fountain playing in the middle. 
The ground thus laid out will be enclosed by a low parapet 
stone wall, and a railing ornamented in the style common 
in the seventeenth century, and commonly called the style 
of Louis Quatorze. The plan of the ground and incidental 
works has been furnished by M. Alpliante, and the whole is 
to be completed under the immediate superintendence of 
M. Mason, a landscape-gardener of some considerable note 
here. 
A new avenue is to be opened at the east side leading to 
the river, and this will require the removal of a few more 
trees. A wide pavement, formed like most pavements in 
Paris, of asphalte, is to be carried all round the building, 
which will also be protected by an ornamental railing. 
In addition to the Horticultural Exhibition, which I noticed 
in my former communication, a separate Exhibition of a 
strictly agricultural nature has been decided on, and this 
will be held on a plot of ground near the Champs Elysee. 
This will, it is expected, be something in the way of the 
annual gatherings of the Agricultural Societies of England 
and Scotland, including poultry of all kinds; and, of course, 
being universal in in its operations, it will be open to the 
societies of other countries. I have reason to believe, that 
if the efforts of the commissioners are properly seconded, 
this will prove an Exhibition of the greatest interest to a 
vast number of people who will arrive from all parts of the 
world. For, in reality, what do the inhabitants of Great 
Britain, for instance, know of the agriculture of this large 
and fertile country ? What do they know of French horses, 
oxen, cows, pigs, poultry, crops, or implements? Still less 
do the French know of the high-farming of England, or 
Scotland, or Ireland. It is fit, therefore, that France should 
measure her strength in this particular with other nations ; 
that she should ascertain her real position ; that she should 
give other people an opportunity of forming an idea as to 
whether she is a first power in agriculture, as she un¬ 
doubtedly is in art and arms. The want of such an 
Exhibition in connection with the great gathering of 1851 
was a mistake which the French will correct in 1805, and it 
will be seen, that though the farming of France is, like 
everything else that is French, strongly marked with 
peculiarities, still there is much that may be profitably 
imitated by the people of other countries. There may not 
be such fine breeds of horses, cows, sheep, or pigs, as are to 
be found in the fertile valloys of the western islands, or in 
the equally fertile plains of the St. Lawrence, and the 
