June 26 .] 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
20] 
that this remedy acts in an efficacious manner, and when 
we are quite sure that it is prefectly cured, it may be taken 
hack to the breeding cage and coupled, but it should not 
be put into the dovecote until after laying, and when no 
symptoms of this complaint any longer appear. The chancre 
seems to be a pulmonary consumption. 
(To be continued.) 
DESCRIPTIONS OF FIGEONS. 
EIGHTH RACE. 
Cavalier Pigeon ( Columba equcs ).—This race is commend¬ 
able for its beauty, and still more so for its fecundity. They 
appear to be a cross between the Romans and the Pouters, 
whose general forms they assume, and also have the faculty 
l of swelling their crop, more or less, according to the variety. 
Some have thick nostrils, membraneous, and fleshy, or even 
[ with a small mushroom, but this is rarely the case; they 
have a red filament round the eyes. 
Common Cavalier Pigeon (Columba cqucs communis). 
The Horseman Pigeon.—Albin pretends that this bird is of 
a better stock than the others; he says it has the talent of 
enticing other pigeons into its dove-house, and that the 
Loudon merchants profit by it in the following manner—- 
“ They take the male as soon as the young are hatched, and 
carrying it into a dove-house, they let it fly:—after making- 
several turns from one side to the other, he will bring some 
pigeons with him, or meeting them on his way, he will try 
to do so.” This talent that Albin boasts so much of in the 
Cavalier, belongs to all pigeons. It is said that this bird 
sprung from the Pouter and the Roman, for it has the 
faculty of swelling its crop, like the first, and it lias on its 
nostrils thick membranes, like the second; it is high on 
its legs, and long; it has a border round the eye, and a 
black iris; its wings are long and crossed, and it has a very 
great space between the extremities of the wings ; its colour 
is commonly white; it is very productive, and fiies well. 
Proud Cavalier Pigeon (Columba eques arrogans), 
crossed from the common Bagdad Pigeon and the common 
Cavalier. It is not so long as the last; of a beautiful figure; 
a membrane on the beak; and a small ribbon round the 
eyes ; iris black ; throat rises in the shape of a cylinder, from 
the stomach to the beak; high on its legs; plumage gene¬ 
rally white; it produces freely, and fiies well. 
Spanish Cavalier Pigeon (Columba cqucs Hispana ).— 
We think we ought to mention this variety here, described 
by Button, although we have never seen it. This author 
says that the Spanish pigeon is as large as a pullet, and very 
handsome; it differs from the Bagdad, not having any 
mushroom above the beak, the second fleshy eyelid not 
projecting so much, and having a strait beak, whereas the 
other is curved. It is crossed, adds the naturalist, with the 
Bagdad, and the produce is a very large pigeon. M. Yieillot 
adds to the article, copied from Buffon, that “ this race is 
little known, and not very fruitful.” 
(To be Continued.) 
HAY-MAKING. 
Having paid some attention to the process of hay-making, 
and pursuing a different system fo the one proposed in 
your valuable publication, in the 30th of May number, I 
venture to tonvard the particulars of that which I adopt, 
believing it to be the most expeditious as well as the most 
economical. It is the custom in the Midland Counties for 
the hay-makers to provide themselves with a fork and rake; 
the master supplying the drag rake, if such be used. 
I generally employ six hay-makers to the acre, and com¬ 
mence the morning after the grass was mown, preferring 
that the grass and ground should be in some measure dried 
and warmed before the first operation, though if the weather 
be very warm and propitious, I would begin with a smaller 
number of hands on the day of its being mowed. I com¬ 
mence with the first mowed grass, which I have well shaken 
out of the swath into a ridge, over the vacant space between 
the swaths, with the hands, and not the fork, until the 
whole field has been thus treated. I greatly object to the 
process of tedding, because the damp arising from the 
ground underneath is attached to the grass above; and as 
the grass lies on the ground with a smooth surface the wind 
blows over and not through it, as it does when ridged, con¬ 
sequently it dries more slowly ; besides which it is bleached 
more in the ted than in any other state. But when the 
grass is elevated into ridges by the rake the ground is 
cleared between them, and the moisture is.evaporating from 
the exposed ground, which, at the same time, becomes 
warmed and dried by the sun. 
If the weather be fine and promising, the whole proceed¬ 
ings of the day is a succession of turning by means of the 
rake, the bottom of the ridges to the top, pulling the ridge 
from its present situation upon the dry space adjoining, 
beginning where the grass was first shaken out. By raking 
the ridges one way one time, and back another, it is not 
mov ed away from its original locality, and yet always obtains a 
warm and dry position upon such removal. By tins opera¬ 
tion the grass is turned three times oftener than it can be by 
any other, and it has by this treatment been ready for carry¬ 
ing by the same evening; and if so, I dispense with twenty 
or twenty-four of the.haymakers, as I may judge expedient. 
If the weather be promising, without any prospect of rain, 
I leave it in this state through the night. In the morning, 
when the damp is dried off, the hay is made into cocks 
before the waggon on either side for carrying. Believing 
that there is much truth in the old adage “.make hay whilst 
the sunshines,” I generally employ six or more haymakers to 
the acre ; and as there is always a greater probability of two 
fine days in succession than three, and of three than four, 
it is preferable to have thirty people one day than ten three 
days successively. 
If the weather be qnpromising, I adopt a different system 
to the foregoing. If showery, I have the swaths hacked 
over with the rake from time to time to prevent the grass 
from becoming yellow, and to allow the moisture to evaporate. 
When the weather will admit of its being shaken into ridges, 
the same routine is pursued as before described; yet, if 
there be any threatening of rain, I have the grass drawn out 
of the ridges with the rake into little cocks, not so large as 
a bushel, the less the better whilst full of moisture and in 
the grassy state ; and my plan is, in showery weather, to 
keep it in cocks until it is in a condition for carrying. 
During the intervals of fine weather I have the cocks turned 
and shaken, adding two into one as its condition will admit. 
Should the hay have been put into moderate cocks for 
security during the night, and require a little drying before 
being in order for loading, I have the larger cocks shaken 
out and put into smaller, rather than spread out into 
windrow, to which I object as much as to tedding, for 
these reasqns : in small or moderate sized cocks the hay 
dries faster, keeps the colour better, has not the opportunity 
of absorbing so much moisture from the ground, and is 
much less injured in the event of unexpected rain. 
