400 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
what is an advantage to travellers, it is the native name. 
Compare with Vanda such names as Oeissomeria, Stigmato- 
phyllum, Streptanthera, and see its superiority. A child can 
learn ami remember Vanda teres, hut a grown-up person 
might be perplexed with Sericographis Ghiesbreghtiana. 
Names, however, like other things, present difficulties to 
the beginner, which disappear with attention and progress. 
A merchant once said that he had more trouble to get the 
first £500 than the last £50,000. So in botany, the first 
50 or 100 names are the main difficulty. An excellent way 
of learning the names of flowers is to have them always 
distinctly labelled; and, if a tyro in the classics, get a learned 
friend to pronounce the name till you fully associate name 
and plant together, you will then have no more difficulty with 
Stephanotis floribunda, Tacsonia pinnatistipula, Habrothamnas 
fasciculatus, and other such charming beauties, than with 
Ranunculus, Anemone, Fuchsia, or Dahlia, or even Violet and 
Primrose. Again, when you see in the gardens and green¬ 
houses of friends a new plant, i.e., new to you, write its name 
correctly down in your pocket-book. As opportunity offers, 
consult some figured botanical work for its representation. 
Name and figure will thus be associated in your mind; and 
whenever you see the plant again it will be recognised with 
delight as an old friend. This may lead on to a little study 
of the beautiful science of botany; and when the elements 
are fairly mastered, and you are launched in this sea, you 
will see in flowers, and in their very names, a beauty and 
interest before unknown, and treasure up an inexhaustible 
source of pleasure and delight. I do not fully justify the 
name of Chorozema , to which B. J. alludes; but still I think 
there is some advantage even in the circumstance that the 
association of ideas will fix indelibly on the memory that it 
is an Australian plant, and being a genus of a tribe closely 
allied to Hovea, Kennedya, Bossiata, (fee., will be a clue to 
the fact that such are denizens of that arid yet interesting 
continent.—A Lover of Flowers. 
[We think our correspondent has made out a stronger 
case than we did against botanical names; and we do not 
admit that any one of the pleas in defence of Vanda or Choro¬ 
zema is admissible, except that the first is short. The 
most remarkable featiu’e of plants should be that on which 
both their generic and specific names are founded, such as 
Amaranthus Jlavus. Ed. C. G.] 
PLANTING. 
(Concluded from page 389.) 
I have lately had to break up and re-plant an old garden, 
and some of my proceedings have been as follows :—The 
first thing to be done was to dig off the top spit of this 
“lawn,” and place it in a longitudinal heap ; and the next 
thing, to uproot every wretched old fruit-tree, the whole of 
which, judging from their appearance, had seen seventy or 
eighty years hard service, and were of pollard mien. Then 
the entire border, eleven feet broad, was excavated two feet 
deep, leaving the bottom on a gentle slope from the wall. 
At the end of this border a dry tank was hollowed out 
(taking the bottom of the border as a level to work from), 
five feet deep and four feet diameter, the sides built up with 
stone, to prevent its falling in, and a drain laid the whole lon¬ 
gitudinal length of the border, on that side farthest from 
the wall, of sufficient size and fall to carry the water readily 
into the tank. Four inches of broken stone was laid upon 
the subsoil (a plastic clay), a layer of turf over this; the 
“ shocking bad ” stone wall, 190 feet long by 10 feet high, 
pointed and partly built anew; the “ lawn ” mixed with a 
sufficiency of the surface soil off the cultivated part of the 
garden, with mortar rubbish in the proportion I previously 
wrote of, placed two feet deep, and thus filled up the bor¬ 
der. A gravel-walk was laid the whole length, and placed 
upon the outermost five feet of it, to economise ground, and 
economise root3 (no spade can annually cut off the principal 
surface roots of the trees snugly ensconced under this); the 
dwarf trees, of masonic memory, planted postly, their stems 
four inches away from the wall; a cun-ant bush planted in 
some of the angles between the trees, and two feet from 
the edge of the walk; also against the wall, to fill up spaces 
till the trees covered it. On the other side of the walk a four- 
[September 25. 
feet longitudinal border was made, and planted with goose¬ 
berry bushes; which thus have extra liberty of sending 
their roots under the walk, and I have no doubt they have 
taken advantage of it. I must further mention, that I 
mixed a quantity of broken bones, and a larger portion of 
brick and lime rubbish for my vines; and the border, taken 
as a whole, I graduated according to the nature of the trees. 
For instance, I did not add quite so much lime rubbish and 
turf for the Morello cherry, less still for the pears (T fear 
for them I have made it rather too adhesive), and scarcely 
any for the black currants. 
These are the names of my fruit-trees, and the order in 
which they are placed in the border :— Vines —1 White Mus¬ 
cadine, 2 Black Esperiones. Peach —1 Grosse Mignonne. 
Apricot —1 Moorpark. 1 Greengage. Cherries —1 May- 
Duke, 1 Morello. Pears —1 Marie Louise, 1 Duchesse 
d’Angouleme, 1 Knight’s Monarch, 1 Hacon’s Incomparable; 
and 2 Black Currant trees against the damp, shaded, farthest 
end of the wall. Currant trees on border—red and white. 
Gooseberries —chiefly the larger sorts, “ Roaring Lions,” 
“ Thumpers,” St c. The points of the compass, from the 
peach-tree, which this wall bears, is south-south-by-west; 
that part occupied by the grapes east-east-south. A proper 
coping is intended for the wall next spring. 
Delicate fruits, such as peaches, apricots, &c., teach for 
themselves a tender and delicate handling. I come imme¬ 
diately to treat upon apples, which, if you wish for fine 
fruit, you must not allow to set, in the first instance, too 
thickly : thin them out according to the strength of the 
trees (this applies to all fruits). 
I believe I am reckoned rather a good hand in keeping 
apples, but perhaps this may be owing to the convenience I 
have always had for so doing. I gather them very care¬ 
fully, and lay them immediately, and singly, on the floor of 
a garret, where light and a small portion of air is admitted 
(the speckled and damaged ones being placed separate for 
immediate consumption); here they remain till the middle 
of November, when they are taken into a dark cellar of even 
temperature—say 55°—and laid singly on boards, covering, 
also, the pavement. I find those placed on the rather dry 
pavement keep the longest and phimpest. 
Where I resided formerly, and could procure fern ab libitum, 
I used to amass a quantity of this, dry it thoroughly, and 
stripping the leaves from the stalks, place each apple singly 
in a handful of it, and pack them away in hampers : a sur¬ 
prising quantity would be put away in a small space, on 
account of placing one hamper on the top of another, and 
so on. If one apple happened to rot in this way, the fem 
kept it apart, so that it could not readily contaminate its 
neighbour. They kept very well this way. I do not like 
hay or straw to keep apples in, or upon; they spoil the 
flavour. Pears, decidedly, are best kept singly on boards, 
suspended in nets, or attached to lines of twine, singly, by 
their stalks, and suspended from one side of a room to the 
other: never wipe an apple or pear till you serve it at table. 
The criterion to gather fruit is before they become “dead" 
ripe, viz., when the stalk will part freely from the tree by 
raising the fruit gently with the hand. If you do not gather 
the fruit yourself, and you wish it for keeping, be sure you 
can depend upon the person who gathers it for you. I once 
set a worthy to gather a few apples for me, being myself 
otherwise occupied. I gave him particular instructions bow 
to gather, and afterwards place them softly and singly upon 
the floor of a loft. I was 100 yards from this loft, when 
from it issued a rattling as of thunder. I well knew it was 
my poor apples tossed pell-mell out of their receptacle, and 
of course bruised every one of them. I said nothing; the 
thing was done, and the man never after to be trusted. I 
went up to see my unfortunates soon after, and I knew by 
the odour I smelt all around that a quiet, comfortable whiff 
was at the bottom of the mischief. Personally, I hate 
tobacco; and since that time I cannot say I admire a man 
about me with a pipe in his hat, or pocket either.— Upwards 
and Onwards. 
THE POTATO DISEASE. 
I rushed into a long argumentative scrape, no farther off 
than last week, advocating, in a chief measure, those prin- 
