JULY 21. 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
309 
shade ox 1 in the sunshine; in a rich soil, fm '' a poor one; 
and, what is no small additional merit, I neve* ' Q w the 
slugs mixcli to attack this kind. Of course, it is V1 v 
increased by root-division, and it will stand in the same spo. 
and flower well, yearly, for lxiany years, if not too much root- 
; injured at the time the border is being dressed off. It is a 
profuse bloomer, and its flowers are of a light pxxrple colour. 
The stems rise from four to five feet high, and flower in 
August and September. It is a native of Virginia and 
Lower Carolina, and was introduced to this country in 1732. 
Phlox paniculata alba is a white variety of the preceding 
species, and of the same habit in every respect. It forms a 
nice contrast in the flower border, in arranging the plants 
there; and from the hardiness of these two plants, they are 
found extremely useful for planting in gloomy situations, 
under the shade of trees, or in the front of or among shrubs 
in the plantations. 
Phlox Wheelekiana (Wheeler s Phlox).—This is 
another old garden variety, which rises from aboxxt three 
feet to tlu'ee feet six inches in height. It is. very hardy, and, 
like the preceding, almost any situation .suits it. It is a free 
bloomer, the flowers being purplish-red. It will stand for 
years in the same spot if not root-injured. 
Phlox Riversii (Rivers’s Phlox).—This l’ises about tbe 
same height as the Wheeleriana, and is very much like it in 
all its habits, from the first, pxxtting out of its leaves from 
the ground to the very tip of its flowers. It is also equally 
hardy, and the flowers are of a deep reddish-purple. It 
is a profuse bloomer, and flourishes in any situation, whether 
in the open sunshine or in the shade. 
Phlox coi:d at a (Heart-leaved Phlox).—A native of 
Carolina, introduced to this country in 1827. The flowei's 
are of a purplish colour. It rises from tliree-and-half feet 
to four "feet high, is a very hardy kind, and flowers in 
August and September, 
Phlox corduta grandijlora is a vai'iety of the above, and a 
very beautiful plant, rising from three-and-half to four feet 
high, and is very hardy. The flowei's are somewhat paler 
than the latter, larger, and better shaped, with, a white eye. 
It flowers in August and September. 
Phlox cordala rosea is another vai’iety of the above, and a 
sweet plant it is, rising from three-and-lialf to four feet high, 
bearing flowers of a good shape, of a beautiful rosy-pink 
colour, in August and September. 
Phlox speciosissima (Most-showy Phlox).—This I had 
many years ago under tins name, but since which time I 
I have received two others, one under the name of Lieta, 
and the other Captivation. I never could see any difference 
in these three plants when growing almost side by side, there¬ 
fore I have put them down for one and the same thing. 
Perhaps it is P. Iceta of the bookstand of the other names 
among nurserymen. It is a white-flowering kind; flowers 
large and of a good shape, and the plant being hardy and 
a strong grower, rising from tliree-and-half to four feet high. 
Phlox hydrangeoides (Hydranger-like Phlox).—This is 
a very free bloomer of a purplish-red colour, the flowers 
small but very numerous. It grows from about three to 
tliree-and-half feet high. It has proved rather miffey and 
tender with me as yet, but it is pretty, and flowers in August 
and September. 
Phlox corymobsa (Corymb-bloomed Phlox).—This is 
a native of North America; the flowers are purplish-lilac, 
opening in August and September, and in height from three 
to three-and-lialf feet. It is a very pretty, desirable, plant, 
and is a free bloomer, and hardy. 
Phlox acuminata is a native of the mountains of Georgia 
and South Carolina. It grows from three-and-lialf to four 
feet high; the flowers of a purplish colour, small, and the 
plant rather miffey in low ground. It flowers in August and 
September. 
Phlox speciosissima rubra. —This is one of the very best 
of tbe tall kinds. It is from three to three-and-lialf feet 
high, and the flowers purplish-red, and of good shape. It 
appears, from its manner of growth, and shape of flower, to 
be an improvement on the cordata grandijlora. 
Phi, ox molinensis is a good variety; the flowers of light 
streaky colour, of good shape, rises from three to tliree-and- 
half feet high: flowers in August and September. A very 
desirable kind, 
Phlox scabba (Rough Phlox) has flowers of a light 
lilac. It is a native of North America, and called Americana 
by some. This rises from three to four feet high, and 
flowers in August and September. 
Phlox Princesse Marianne. —The flowers are striped 
Wi.. and pink. The plant rises from two to two-and-half 
feet hig. With us it is rather a miffey bloomer. — 
T. Weaver, o 1o nerto the Warden of Winchester College. 
BEET-ROOT. 
This garden produce was in high esteem botn with the 
Greeks and Romans, and the comparative estimate -of such 
roots by the former, appears from the fact that they offered 
to Apollo, in his temple at Delphos, a Turnip of lead, a 
Radish of gold, and a Beet-root of silver (Pliny, xix. v.). 
It is not our purpose, however, to linger over the classic 
history of this root, nor to while away even a quarter of an 
hour whilst noting down what our earliest English writers 
have recorded concerning its medicinal uses. We must, 
however, remind our readers, that old Gerarde cultivated 
“ the greater red, or Roman Beet,” in 1596, and that he had 
it “ from that courteous merchant Master Lete.” It is, adds 
our ancient botanist, “boiled and eaten with oil, vinegar, 
and pepper, and is a most excellent and delicate salad; but 
what might be made of the red and beautiful root I refer 
unto the curious and cunning cook, who, no doubt, when he 
hath had the view thereof, and is assured that it is both 
good and wholesome, will make thereof many and divers 
dishes, both fair and good.” 
Gerarde’s anticipations have been more than realized, for 
not only have cooks made of this root “dishes both fair and 
good,” but chemists have succeeded in extracting from it a 
rival to the produce of the sugar cane. 
Upon this subject we have the following interesting notes 
from the last number of The Gentleman's Magazine :— 
“ The last accounts from Ireland of the manufacture of 
sugar from Beet root are very encouraging. As the subject 
is likely to excite increased attention, the following par¬ 
ticulars of the French manufacture during the late war 
(when supplies from the colonies were prevented) are offered 
as historical memoranda. If they are partly unfavourable, 
it must be remembered that the knowledge of former failures 
is often necessary, as a guide to future success. 
“ The discovery of making sugar from Beet-root has been 
attributed to M. Acliard, a Prussian, who published, at the 
end of the last century, ‘ Instructions for making Sugar, 
Molasses, and Vinous Spirit from Beet-root.’ But the 
original idea was suggested in 1605, by Olivier de Serres, 
the celebrated French agronomist. In 1781 Marggraf, of 
Berlin, arrived at a stage in the manufacture which has 
obtained the name of discovery. Dr. Moseley, in his inform¬ 
ing and amusing Treatise on Sugar, (2nd ed. 1800), has 
copied several particulars from Neumann’s Chemistry, by 
which it appears that in Canada sugar was made from the 
maple-tree, and also in Sweden; that the common birch 
yields a saccharine juice; and that various vegetables, for 
instance Beet-root, afford saccahrine concretes. It is also 
attainable from grapes, particularly dried raisins, for large 
grains of pure sugar are often found among Malaga raisins, 
that have lain long compressed together, (p. 132-5.) 
“ In March, 1800, sugar made by Achard from Beet root, 
was received in Paris. The subject soon engaged the atten¬ 
tion of Napoleon, who was so sanguine of his project, that 
the celebrated Cliaptal was dismissed from the ministry of 
the interior in 1804, because he did not enter sufficiently 
into it in his report on the subject. (Diet, des Ministres, 
par M. Gallois, 1828, p. 93). In 1808, the sirup of raisins 
(which however had been previously indicated) was dis¬ 
covered (as the French say) by M. Proust. But up to that 
period these inventions had little success. Lord Blayney, 
who passed some time in France as a prisoner of war on 
parole, thus describes the result, under the date of 1811. j 
‘ Sugar, of which the French are immoderately fond, they 
are obliged to forego; for, though they have been amused 
with the idea of extracting the article from raisins, Beet¬ 
root, <fec., the produce is only yet to be found in the Moniteur, I 
not a grain having appeared in the market. It is true, j 
indeed, a sirup of grapes has been introduced into commerce, ; 
