August 25. 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
-107 
if not — they had better at once be made up to that 
weight by feeding. At this time of year, I would recom¬ 
mend syrup, in preference to barley-sugar, because it can be 
given in larger quantities, and stored more quicldy. The 
proportions should be one pound of loaf-sugar, one quarter 
pint of water, and one quarter of a pound of honey, sim 
mered together for five minutes over a slow fire, or till 
the sugar is melted. 
Uniting Stocks. —Where this is desired, it may be done 
either by driving, fumigating, or cutting out the combs, and 
i treating the bees so deprived like a fresh-hived second 
: swarm that is going to be united to another. Killing the 
queen is quite unnecessary, for the bees themselves will do 
! that. 
Fumigating. —For those who prefer fumigating to driving, 
the Racoditnn ccllare, or mouse-skin byssus, will be found the 
i best material for the purpose. It abounds in the wine- 
! vaults of the London docks, and in almost every wine and 
beer vault in London, and it is sold also by Messrs, 
j Neighbour and Sons, 127, High Holborn, London. 
North Aspect eor Bees. —The request! made to have 
the opinion of those persons, who, at my suggestion, placed 
their bees in a north aspect, has been very kindly responded 
to from several quarters, and, upon the whole, the reports 
are in its favour. One letter, signed “ J. S.,” I will give at 
length :— 
“I have much pleasure in complying with your request for 
information with respect to a north aspect for bees. The 
following notes were made during the late disastrous winter 
and spring, at least to us Southerns. 1 should premise, that 
my hives and boxes stand, with one exception, in a house 
capable of being opened on all sides, and the top raised, and 
facing the north. January —The bees actively at work in 
pollen. February —Except on the 7th, con lined by cold 
weather until March 4th, when they set to briskly till 
the 14th, when the weather confined them till the 28th. 
J April —After the 10th, at work very much, and not so many 
blown down as in a south aspect. May —Until the 15th not 
a drone appeared, on the 21st made three artificial swarms, 
| a !a Country Curate , which are doing as well as the season 
J will admit; one is now, July the 12tli, working in three 
caps, two others made on the 11th of June are doing as 
well, as are all the old stocks. They have, in each case, 
become very populous, from all I hear ot losses, and late 
swarms ; and in numerous cases, not any swarms at all. The 
earliest was on the 2(ith of May, and that only in one in¬ 
stance. The lateness is attributed to the season; much 
as this may have to do with the subject, aspect will be found 
to have more. Every one must have observed that in a 
south aspect*the bees are tempted out by a warm sun, when 
a cold north-east wind is blowing, and, in consequence, they 
are blown down, benumbed, and perish, decreasing their 
numbers at the most critical time. How different in a north 
aspect! The bees are not tempted out by the sun, but are 
kept at home by the cold wind, the warmth of the sun being 
just sufficient to increase the heat of the hives, and to put 
the bees in motion, which excites the queen, and the popu¬ 
lation increases. Notwithstanding the unfavourable weather 
for work, I have never yet seen a cottager take the precau¬ 
tion to screen his bees from the winter sun; but induce 
them to change the aspect, and that precaution is unneces¬ 
sary. In confirmation of a north aspect being the best, in 
October last I had one hive, which weighed only sixteen 
pounds, hive, bees, and honey; this 1 placed out of the 
house, covered simply with a milk-pan, and facing the north, 
screened from the east by a privet hedge, and within six 
feet of it; had this hive faced the south, with such a winter, 
I have no doubt I should have lost it, or fed it very much ; 
instead of which, I gave it only one pound of barley-sugar 
in the spring, and it gave me an excellent swarm on the 
II tli of June, which, with the parent, are doing well.—J. S.” 
Kitchener’s ventilated passage. —This has not been a 
year for using this appendage to the apiary. In a good 
honey season it may be used with great advantage. 
SEA WEEDS.—No. 8. 
(Continued from page .‘18!).) 
We come now to the sixth and last order of Melano- 
sperms. 
FCTOCAKI'ACFJE. 
“ Olive-coloured, articulated filiform Sea - weeds, whose 
spores are (generally) external, attached to the pointed 
ramuli.”— Harvey. 
Though the Ectocarpaceee are the lowest of the olive 
coloured Algce, as regards organization, yet among them 
may bo found elegant and beautiful structure, requiring the 
help of the microscope to display it to advantage. 
“ Not a tree, 
A plant, a leaf, a blossom, but contains 
A folio volume.” 
SUB-ORDER 1.—SPHACELAUPJErE. 
1. CLADOSTEFHUS. 
“ Frond inarticulate, rigid, cellular, wliorled, with short, 
articulated, sub-simple ramuli. Fruit elliptical, pedicellate. 
Name from two words, signifying a branch and a crown.”— 
Harvey. 
1. Cladostephus verticillatus (Whorled). — The 
branches are slender, and forked at the ends; whorled at 
: short intervals; colour olive green or brown, becoming 
: darker when dried ; 3 —flinches high. 
2. C. rocviosus.—Somewhat thick and clumsy, rather 
like Chenille, thickly imbricated; colour dull olive-green, 
but when young the tips are of a full rich green. Common. 
2. SFHACELARIA. 
“Filaments jointed, rigid, pinnated. Apices of the 
branches distended, membranous, containing a dark gra¬ 
nular mass ; fructification oval spores, borne on the ramuli. 
Name from a word signifying gangrene, from the withered 
tips of the branches.”— Harvey. 
1. Sphacelaria 1 'Tliciua (Fern-like). — This beautiful 
Fern-like Sphacelaria is very rare, and found only on our 
southern shores. I have had beautiful specimens of it 
from Guernsey, where it seems to he found in some abund¬ 
ance. These specimens were hoary, with the rare little 
Zoophyte, Anguinaria spate lata. The plants are from 2—4 
inches high : from the tips of the stalks numerous small 
branches spread like a fan; very delicate and beautiful; 
colour pale olive-green. 
2. S. sertularia.—S maller than the last; very rare. 
South of England, Jersey, and Ireland. 
3. S. scop aria.—O n rocks under water, and in tide pools. 
A coarse-looking plant of a dark brown colour, with woolly 
fibres on the lower part; very bushy. “South of England, 
frequent.” “ Frith of Forth, but not common.” From 
2—1 inches high. 
4. S. pluiiosa (Feathered).-—On rocks, and in rock 
jiools. Harvey says that this is a northern plant. I have 
found it at Flimby, .on the Cumberland coast; it is ex¬ 
tremely pretty, resembling small feathers. My specimen 
was very dark, almost black. Dr. Landsborough speaks of 
it as of a light olive, and almost as broad as the feathers of 
a robin’s wing. I have one of this colour from the Isle of 
Man. 
5. S. cirrhosa.—A very common kind, growing on other 
A/yic; a variable plant; sometimes “ detached and floating 
about in little balls.”— Rev. Dr. Landsborough. 
(i. S. eusca.— “Filaments brown; branches long and 
simple; spores globose.”— Harvey. 
Very rare. The only specimen I have seen is from Ex¬ 
mouth. It has been found at Sidmouth, and St. Michael’s 
Mount, Cornwall. 
7. S. iudicans (Rooting).—In the sea, on rocks covered 
with sand; colour dull olive ; rigid. .Rather rare. 
8. S. racemosa (Branched).—“Allied to the last, hut 
larger.” Firth of Forth.— Sir John Richardson. 
SUB-ORDER 2.—ECTOCARPEMk 
Filaments capillary, jointed, olive or brown, flaccid, single- 
tubed. Fruit either spherical, or lanceolate capsules, borne 
on the ramuli, or imbedded in their substance. Name from 
two Greek words, meaning external fruit.— Harvey. 
