412 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
September 4. 
very severe winters, like that of last year, this is not 
so easily effected; but by sowing some of the white and 
purple Cape and Snow's Winter Brocoli two or three 
times in June, and planting them out at the proper 
time, as well as the Walcherin, there is a fair prospect 
of having a winter supply, while a good breadth of the 
hardy oues ought also to be put in, as Chappell's Cream, 
Miller’s Dwarf , Sprouting, and Knight's Protecting, 
with a few of the large kinds, as Portsmouth, or some 
other. Good ground is best suited to the Brocoli, while, 
i when hard weather sets in, a tuft or two of straw thrust 
into the heads of some of those half-formed will save 
them much; but be sure and cut them when ready at 
such seasons, as they keep pretty well in a cool place 
with plenty of leaves on. 
Borecole and other Greens.- —There is much 
diversity in the class, the term Borecole, especially, 
being very indefinite. By some, it is meant only for that 
description of early planted-out Cabbage which are 
known to be too early to form good hearts, and are, 
consequently, cut in March, just before they run to 
seed; others, class the various sprouting greens under 
that head of which the Ragged Jack, Curled Green, 
Chou de Islilan, and many others claim attention; the 
Brussels Sprouts, the most useful of them all, being 
also of the same family ; but the same treatment holds 
good for all. Seeds sown early in the spring, and the 
plants put out into good ground, when ready, is all that 
is wanted; about two feet apart each will do for the tall- 
growing kinds; but the Cabbage greens, which some 
confine the term Borecole to, need not be sown before 
the beginning or middle of July, and they may also be 
planted closer in the rows, as they have not much time 
to perfect their growth. 
Cabbage. —This useful vegetable is, in some shape or 
other, at hand all the year; for when a good variety is 
cut a numerous group of young sprouts rise in their 
place, which, in turn, are succeeded by others; so that a 
good breadth of Cabbage is, perhaps, the most useful 
crop in a garden, and it is rare that they run to seed, 
save in March and April. To the amateur, we, therefore, 
say, sow some seed of the Fulham and Queen Cabbages 
oil the 1st and 10th of August, and plant them out at 
the proper time, and take care that they do not get 
injured by slugs or other enemies. Good ground, 
sheltered from the north and west, will assist them in 
j coming early into use. The Red aud Scotch Cabbage 
j are for winter use, aud, like the Savoys, ought to be 
sown in spring, and planted out like the Brocoli, &c. 
i The Red Cabbage is especially a useful plant, and ought 
to be in every garden. 
Carrots. —This is a store vegetable, and ought to be 
sown in April, thinned in June, and housed in October; 
but young ones may be had in April by sowing the 
seed on a hotbed, under glass, in January ; they are also 
sown in August, out-of-doors, for drawing in spring, but 
the produce is very inferior. 
Celery. —This universal favourite, being an autumn¬ 
growing plant, ought to be planted out, as directed 
some time since in The Cottage Gardener, in suc¬ 
cessive crops, aud taken up accordingly; but it would 
be well to take up a quantity before bad weather sets 
in, and store it away in some cool place, either amongst 
sand or earth; its culture, being only lately dwelt on, 
need not he repeated here. 
Cucumbers. —To have these in winter, in any quantity, 
requires a much greater amount of heat, space, and 
cultural skill than most amateurs have at their com¬ 
mand; however, where a suitable pit exists, seeds sown 
about the middle of September, and planted out a 
month afterwards, will produce fruit in December, and 
more sparingly in January; but in February, aud 
afterwards, they will be more plentiful. The Sion 
House is as good as any for that purpose. But for 
i those who only have a dung-bed, seeds sown in January, 
I and planted out afterwards, as directed in former 
| numbers, will suffice most purposes. 
Cress. —This useful salad does not always consist of 
those small cotyledonous leaves, the produce of tho last 
few hours, which we will here denominate small salading; 
but there are hardy annual, or rather biennial plants, with 
crisp, curled leaves, which are more or less favourites with 
those who like something green. The American and 
curled kinds are the best for winter, although the Golden 
Cress has its advantage also. The middle of August is 
a good time to sow them. 
Endive. —To obtain this in good condition, sowings 
; should be made at various times, from the middle of June 
; to the middle of August, and the plants put out accord- 
| iugly; and in dry, windy weather, cover a few plants with 
pan-tiles, or something else that will exclude the air, and 
they will blanch in a few days; and prior to severe 
weather setting in, take a few up with balls, ahd lay 
them in under cover somewhere, where they will keep for 
; several days without injury. 
Chicory. —Sow this salad in April, in rows a foot or 
more apart, and in October, when the plant has ripened 
aud shed its leaves, a portion may be taken up, and 
planted in deep pots oi boxes; may be set in some 
dark place warmer than the external atmosphere, when 
it will produce leaves in abundance, which gather when 
required. Observe, it must be grown in darkness, other¬ 
wise its leaves will be green. 
Herbs. —Although these are not properly winter nor 
spring articles, in a general way, yet green Mint is 
often wanted, and sprigs of Fennel are quite as much so. 
Old plants, taken up aud potted, may be set in any warm 
place, and will quickly vegetate; other herbs are usually 
had in a dried state. 
Leeks. —Sow in May, in rows a foot apart, and thin 
them as they advance ; but when they are wanted very 
large, plant them in rows, or trenches, like Celery, and 
even earth them up. They will quite equal that 
vegetable in size and weight of produce, aud are much 
hardier ; but they cannot, in any way, become a substi- 
’ tute for that much-esteemed article. 
Lettuce. —Sow at various times during the summer, 
and plant out the seedlings when ready, aud those com¬ 
ing into use in November ought to have some protection 
1 in severe weather. Hoops bent over the beds, and some 
oil-skin covering thrown over them, will preserve them 
very much. Later crops must have a similar covering; 
and those planted out to stand the winter, for spring 
use, ought to have a sheltered position. The Hardy 
! Hammersmith is the best; next to that, the Brown 
i Dutch. 
Mushrooms. —As an article will speedily appear on 
this production, all that is necessary to say is, to let 
! the amateur collect what horse-dung he can, and keep 
it dry ; but do not, by any means, allow it to heat, so as 
scald, as it is termed; and by-and-by, an outside bed, 
i well covered up, will be made capable of producing as 
good Mushrooms as the best contrived building. 
; Onions. —These are, like Carrots, a store produce; but 
| if young ones are wanted in spring, sow in August, on a 
well-sheltered border. If they are wanted half-grown by 
Christmas, sow earlier than that. 
Potatoes. —To have these, young, plant well-ripened 
tubers in a moderate hotbed in November, and be sure 
to maintain a sufficient warmth during the dark days ; 
but they may be had tolerably early by planting in 
January, aud a much better crop secured. A Shortop 
round variety is the most hardy, but the Asldeaf is 
most esteemed. Do not plant too thick, but let the sets 
be good-sized, sound tubers. 
Parsley. —Sow in April and July ; the latter for winter 
aud spring use; but it sometime happens that a severe 
winter destroys all the good leaves. To avoid this, take 
