September 11 . COUNTRY GENTLEMAN’S COMPANION. 
posed leaf-mould, or rotten dung, in nearly equal pro¬ 
portions. 
Mode of Planting. —I grow a few early plants gene¬ 
rally in single rows; but I grow the most in beds of 
from two to four rows each—the plants standing upon 
an average a foot each way from each other. In very 
early beds the plants have more room. In forming 
the trenches, or beds, I do not think it necessary to go 
down into the subsoil; from six to twelve inches is 
generally sufficient. I am quite as partial to width as 
depth. For a single fine early run, I prefer twenty-four 
inches, in width to either eighteen or fifteen. I take 
what manure I can get, but I prefer the rottenest, and 
prefer decayed leaves, three-parts reduced, most of all. I 
One layer is put in the trench and worked up with the ! 
bottom spit; another layer is put on, and part of what 
was thrown out incorporated with it. This is generally 
done sometimes before planting, and if there is time and 
opportunity, the whole is forked over several times 
before the plants are inserted. As the plants are taken 
up, every root and leaf are carefully preserved ; but the 
bottom of the larger outside leaves are examined, and 
every bud and sucker carefully extracted with the point : 
of a knife. When planted, the prepared trench is not ! 
many inches below the surrounding soil ; and in stiff, j 
cold soils, I should recommend it be scarcely lower than 
the surrounding ground, as thus there is less danger of 
the plants suffering from wet in winter. Of course, 
when planted they are well-watered, and screened a 
little from a bright sun. This leads me to notice an 
accessory to early cultivation of Celery, namely— 
Shading. —The sides of ditches are more or less shady 
during a part of the day. In the heat of summer the 
Celery likes the shade. In open quarters, do what you 
will, you cannot get large plants early without it. When 
wanted very early, I have placed old, narrow lights 
along the beds and rows, whitened to keep out the 
fierce rays of the sun. For secondary crops, I have 
placed branches of trees across the beds for shading. 
For the general crops, I have long grown Peas and 
Celery together, throwing out and preparing the trenches 
at an early period, and sowing early Peas in the middle 
of the ridge. In such cases, it is common to have the 
trench from three-and-a-half feet for two rows, and wider 
for more, and the ridge four-and-a-half to five feet, and 
wider if the trench was wider. I need not mention here 
how the bed is frequently occupied by various things 
until the Celery is ready, and how the sides of the ridge 
are also used for temporary crops, such as Radishes, 
Spinach, &c., before wanted to earth up the Celery. 
What I wish to notice, is the desirability of lines of 
Peas of moderate height for so far shading the Celery 
during the summer months, and which Peas will all be 
removed before the final earthing-up. 1 prefer the 
trenches and rows of Peas to run somewhat north and 
south. I am convinced this mode secures quicker 
growth in the Celery, and saves many a pail of water 
that otherwise would be needed. I believe that other¬ 
wise my plants would have been next to burned up this | 
season. 
{To be continued.) 
Where to keep the Great American Wheat 
Crop. —The Illinois Central Railroad Company have 
commenced building a granary at Chicago, which is 
! 200 feet long, 100 wide, and more than 100 feet high. 
This building covers nearly half-an-acre, and will require 
: about two millions of Milwaukie brick in its construction. 
i Its capacity will be over two millions of cubic feet; so 
that, if filled full, it would hold more than one million 
six hundred thousand bushels of grain. It is, however, 
| to be arranged with bins, &c., so as to hold about seven 
hundred thousand bushels. This is to be the storehouse 
at one end of a single railroad.— American Country 
Gentleman. 
THE ORANGE TRIBE. 
(Continued from page 374.) 
The popular divisions of the Orange tribe are, 
1st. The common Orange, Citrus aurantiacum. 2nd. 
The common Lemon, Citruslimonium. 3rd. The Lime, 
Citrus limetta. 4th. The Citron, Citrus medica. And 
5th. The Shaddock, Citrus deeumana. 
1st. Citrus aurantiacum (Common Orange). Native 
of India and China. 
Of these five principal divisions, or families, there are 
several varieties, those of the Orange being the most 
numerous. On the continent, where the climate is mild 
enough for them to live in the open air, they cultivate 
as many as a hundred varieties, distinguished by the 
shape and colour of the fruit, and by the shape and 
size of their leaves. In England we distinguish about 
a dozen distinct varieties, namely—the common Orange, 
the Malta or St. Michael’s, the Seville, the Sweet China, 
Tangerino, the Mandarin, the large Myrtle-leaved, and the 
Small ditto. Gold-striped, Silver-striped, the Curled¬ 
leaved, and the Willow-leaved. Of these, the St.Michael’s 
and the Mandarin are the best for use. I have no doubt, 
if a sharp English or Scotch gardener were to reside for a 
few years in Italy, or other parts of Europe, where the 
Oranges are cultivated largely, he would be able to 
collect some varieties, very superior as to bearing, size, 
and flavour, to any we have yet known. The Orange 
will not bear the severity of our winfersin the open air, 
and as raising seedlings with a view of improving the 
sorts requires a large space, we have never attempted 
to raise seedlings for any other purpose than as stocks 
to graft upon. It is only in warm climates, then, that 
this improvement can be effected ; and this fact accounts 
for the great number of varieties we find in continental 
catalogues and works written expressly on this fruit. 
There is one publication entitled Histoire Naturelle des 
Orangers, published at Paris, in 1818, by Messrs. 
Risso, of Nice, and Poiteau, of Paris, in which are 
described nearly two hundred sorts, and there are up¬ 
wards of a hundred figures. This may appear almost 
J incredible to many of our Orange-eating readers, who 
very possibly imagine there are only two—the Orange 
and the Lemon. 
Use. —The Orange, as is well known, is chiefly used 
as a dessert fruit. It is, however, employed on the con¬ 
tinent in confectionary to a large extent, both ripe and 
green. It forms various liquors and conserves, either 
alone or combined with sugars, spirits, or wines. In 
cooking, it is used to give a flavour to a number of 
dishes. The Seville, or bitter Orange, is used largely in 
manufacturing Orange marmalade, and is used as a 
medicine in fevers and inflammations. In perfumery, 
our neighbours use the Orange to form various pomades. 
They distil the flowers for orange-water, which is not 
only deliciously scented, and, therefore, used as a per¬ 
fume, but is also used in medicine to render it more 
palatable to weak stomachs, and also it is used largely 
in cooking. The wood of the Orange tribe is white and 
heavy, and is used to manufacture toys, &c. If the wild 
Orange was cultivated for its timber, I have no doubt it 
would make beautiful wood for the turner and cabinet¬ 
maker. Such are the various uses to which this delicious 
fruit is put to. It has been emphatically called, on 
account of its cheapness, the poor man’s fruit, and is 
grown so largely, and sent to this country in such im¬ 
mense quantities, that the duty on it alone amounted, 
some years ago, to sixty thousand pounds. 
