THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[September 10. 
370 
varieties, in bis Species Plantarum, giving it the name 
of Chrysanthemum indicum, the title it has ever since re¬ 
tained. Rumphuis, in his Plants of Artiboyna, published 
in 1750, and Thunberg, in his Flora Japonica, published 
in 1784, were the first to describe it fully, and to detail 
the success with which it is cultivated by the Chinese 
and Japanese. It is a native of their respective countries, 
and is their especial favourite. “ The Chrysanthemum,” 
says Mr. Fortune, who resided in China two or three 
years, “ is the Chinese gardener’s favourite flower. 
There is no other with which he takes so much pains, 
or which be cultivates so well. His Camellias, Azaleas, 
and Roses are well grown and well bloomed, but in 
growing all these we beat him in England. In the 
cultivation of the Chrysanthemum he stands unrivalled. 
The plants themselves seem to meet him halfway, and 
grow just as he pleases. Sometimes I met with them 
trained in the form of animals, and at other times they 
were made to resemble the pagodas so common in their 
country. Whether they were trained into these fanci¬ 
ful forms, or grown as simple bushes, they were always 
in high health, full of fresh green leaves, and never 
failing to bloom most profusely in the autumn and 
winter." 
It was cultivated in England in 1764, by Mr. Philip 
Miller, in the Apothecary Company’s Garden at Chelsea, 
being one of the new plants presented by him in that 
year to the Royal Society, in accordance with the will 
of Sir Hans Sloane, but it did not acquire much atten¬ 
tion from English gardeners until far into the first 
quarter of the present century. It is true that some of 
the Chinese varieties were imported into France in 1789, 
and were brought here the year following; but it was 
not until eight new varieties were introduced about the 
year 1808, by Sir Everard Home and Mr. Evans, and 
seventeen more varieties had been imported between 
that year and 1823, that the flower became popular and 
established in our florists’ lists. We scarcely need say, 
that the very numerous varieties of this flower are now 
the most prevalent ornaments of our borders in late 
autumn, whether those borders are about a cottage, or 
are enamelling the pleasure grounds of a palace; and in 
this, too, we resemble the Chinese, for Mr. Fortune 
says, “ it is everybody’s plant,—blooming alike in the 
garden of the lowly Chinese cottager as in that of the 
blue-buttoned mandarian; and when in bloom is in great 
request for the decoration of court-yards, halls, and 
temples.” 
“ Although we are indebted to China,” says the same 
talented writer, “ for the parents of those varieties of 
Chrysanthemums which now enliven our gardens during 
the dull months of winter, yet, strange to say, the 
progeny is more numerous in Europe than in China 
itself. Some of those beautiful kinds raised by Mr. 
Salter in France would be much admired even bv the 
Chinese florist. It is a curious fact, however, that 
many of those kinds, such as formosum and lucidum, 
originally raised from seed in Europe, are also met 
with in the north of China.” 
No one attempted to define the desirable character¬ 
istics of a good Chrysanthemum until Mr. Glenny 
undertook the task in 1843, and those characteristics, 
though with considerable modification, we have adopted 
as follows:— 
