J 70 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER, 
June 
unfortunately, too much so. Your hive is weak, and where that is 
the case, drones are always late in making their appearance. In your 
case you say there were none on the 14th instant. 
Cutting back Geraniums (A Beginner). —You wish to have as 
many cuttings to propagate hy, and yet have the old plants flower 
well next season. Cut the strongest shoots of your geraniums to 
three joints from the old wood, and the weakest to two joints. All 
cuttings are made by a horizontal cut, close below a joint. The 
length of geranium cuttings depends on the length between the 
joints. Each cutting should have three or four joints, except very 
rare ones, and they need have no more than two joints. If by 
“woody cuttings,” you mean the brown ripe wood at the bottom of 
the geranium shoots, they will strike root, but will take longer time 
than green ones. Put these in separate pots; they may be three or 
four inches long. If you mean cuttings of woody plants, the ques¬ 
tion is too general. 
Stopping {Ibid). —This word is applied to fuchsia and all other 
plants, and merely means pinching off the tip of the shoots with the 
finger and thumb. 
Cuttings of Wallflowers {Ibid). —These are best when young 
shoots of this season’s growth, three inches long, and torn, as it were, 
from the old branch. They are then called slips. The tail of bark 
from the old plant which comes off with these slips is then cut off, 
leaving a “heel,” or small piece. Young tops of wallflowers, three 
inches long, will also strike easily. Rose Cuttings may be made in 
two ways—just like the wallflowers above. 
Cupiiea platycentra Seed {L. D.) may be sown now, and will 
come up freely in a greenhouse. But it is raised from cuttings so 
easily, that we would rather thus propagate it. 
Fuchsia fulgens (A Constant Subscriber).— T he leaves on your 
plant are few, and the flower-buds drop off when about an inch long. 
It is two years old, has four stems, and has had guano-water occa¬ 
sionally. This fuchsia was not cut down low enough in the autumn, 
but, if that is the cause of its casting its premature blossoms, it will 
soon recover. What need had fuchsia fulgens of guano-water till all 
its leaves were full grown? The roots most probably were injured. 
There should be p.n act of parliament against the use of guano for 
pot plants till the operator had served an apprenticeship to this branch 
of culture. Mr. Beaton declares that no amateur, and very few gar¬ 
deners. should use guano at all for pots, and that nothing more de¬ 
structive to pot plants has ever been thought of. It is much more 
difficult in its application than common salt. 
Tank (T. Jo?ies). — If you can make a rough box of old planks six 
feet by four feet, and so have room for a foot thickness of welt-puddled 
clay beneath and all round it, it may hold liquid-manure as you sug¬ 
gest; but there must be no stones, or parts not well puddled together, 
in the clay. The space over your dyke being covered with good 
mould, seven inches thick, will, if well manured, do well for celery, 
but do not make a trench for it—plant it on the surface. Thanks for 
your letter, from which we will publish an extract. 
Gigantic. Parsley (L. II.). —We do not know this, unless you 
mean the Hamburgh, or Large-rooted Parsley. Write again if you 
do. 
Heating a Small Greenhouse (L. 31., Devon). —The best 
mode of heating this is either by a stove described at p. 280 of our first 
volume, or by the usual furnace and flues. 
Silk Worms {R. D. IF.).—Their dying so young may arise from 
many causes. There is a parasitic fungus which kills them. But, if 
this be not present, giving them too much of juicy mulberry leaves 
will cause an epidemic diarrhoea among them. Some breeders of silk 
worms do not give them any mulberry, or other leaves, till they have 
cast their first skin; but, if this is an excessive precaution, still it is 
quite certain that they ought to be fed very sparingly whilst young. 
Names of Plants {M. F., Gloucestershire). —That with the 
clustered flowers, Valeriana rubra. That with the most finely-divided 
leaf. Geranium sanguineum. The other, Geranium ibericum. ( Wil¬ 
liam T.). —What you call “ Balm of Gilead ” is not known by that 
name, but is Eupatorium corymbosum. From the single leaf sent, 
we should think it is from Vuccinium amaenum. The dark-wooded 
evergreen is Cytisus sessiliflvrus, and the other species Cytisus folio- 
sus, now called Adenocnrpus fnliolusus. (T. P. Hambledon.) —The 
purple coloured is the Bee Orchis, Ophrys apifera ; and the other, 
with a yellowish green spur, we think is only a chance variety. 
If you find many similar, could you oblige us with another specimen 
or two. (H. R .)—Your specimen was accidentally destroyed; we 
think it was Geranium striatum, but you had better send us another 
spec’men. ( G. Duxbury.) —Your spray, we think, is of the Spindle 
tree, Euonymus europieus, but the specimen was very much da¬ 
maged. 
CALENDAR FOR JULY. 
GREENHOUSE. 
Air, admit freely to all plants detained in the house, but carefully 
exclude boisterous winds. Bud, Oranges, Lemons, See. Camellias, 
syringe and water frequently ; shade in hot days. Cuttings, slips, 
Si c., water. Dress and give earth as required. Heaths, plant 
slips. Layers may be made. Moving out of house. (See June.) 
Oranges and Lemons require water almost daily; thin fruit if 
thick ; remove blossoms where fruit is thick enough ; give earth ; air 
admit freely. Peat plants, examine almost daily to see that they 
do not dry. Propagate by cuttings, slips, &c. Seedlings, prick 
into small pots. Shade during hot bright days; calico frames are 
best. Shifting, complete, b. Stove Plants (Hardier) may be 
moved into greenhouse. Stake, trim, and train as required. Suc¬ 
culent plants, cultivate by cutting, slips, and suckers. Watering 
and cleaning are now the chief occupations ; apply water early in the 
morning by the engine. 
Gather the seeds of Pelargoniums as they ripen, and head down 
those which have bloomed early. Calceolarias from which the bloom 
is passed place in the shade and water sparingly. Those for produc¬ 
ing seed keep still under glass, and cut away one half their flower 
stalks, which will strengthen those remaining, and increase the chance 
| of obtaining good seed. 
FLOWER GARDEN. 
Annuals (Tender), bring out from frames; dress; give fresh 
earth ; stake and tie. Annuals, transplant generally. Auriculas 
in pots, dress and water frequently ; seedlings transplant; old plants 
repot, e. Box edgings clip, b. Budding of roses, Jasmines, &c., 
complete. Bulbous Roots, take up (see June) ; seeds, sow. 
Bulbs, autumn flowering, plant, e. Carnations, attend to (see 
June); shade and shelter during hot weather ; water freely, and give 
liquid manure. Chrysanthemum suckers separate and plant ; lay. 
Cuttings of some plants, as Scarlet Lychnis, will yet strike, b. 
Dahlias require support and pruning. Edgings, clip. Ever¬ 
greens, prune; seedlings, prick out. Grass, mow and roll often. 
Heartsease, plant slips, e.; water freely. Hedges, clip. Hoe and 
rake at every opportunity. Laying Carnations, Sic., may be per¬ 
formed, b. ; water freely ; transplant rooted layers. Leaves, de¬ 
cayed, remove as soon as seen. LiauiD Manure, give occasionally 
to flowering shrubs. Mignonette and a few other quick flowering 
annuals may be sown, b., for autumn. Piping of Pinks, &c., may 
be still practised, b. Pelargonium cuttings plant, b. Polyan¬ 
thuses, seedlings, transplant; roots of old, part. Roses, bud and 
lay, b. Seeds, gather as they ripen. Stake and tie up plants 
wherever necessary. Transplanting perennials and biennials, 
complete, b. Water freely, not only the roots, but over the foliage. 
ORCHARD. 
Budding perform in all stone fruit, Apples, and Pears; select 
I cloudy weather. Espaliers, continue to regulate (see Wall 
Trees) ; young ones head down. Fig-trees regulate, remove 
over-luxuriant shoots. Mat over Currants, Gooseberries, and Rasp¬ 
berries. Net over Cherries, Currants, &c. Pruning (summer), 
complete. Raspberries, clear from needless suckers. Snails 
and slugs, search for morning and evening. Stocks, clear from 
lateral shoots. Strawberries for forcing, lay in pots ; sterile 
Hautbois plants mark, that they may be destroyed. Vines require 
constantly regulating; all late produced shoots remove ; stop bearing 
shoots. Wall Trees, continue to regulate as their shoots require ; 
train in. Walnuts, gather for pickling. Wasps, entrap ; bottles 
of sugared beer are best. Water newly planted trees in dry 
1 weather; keep mulch round. 
Do not lay in too many shoots of the Fig , when nailing it to the 
wall. Nip off the terminal bud from each shoot retained. In dry 
weather throw water of an evening over the wall trees by means of 
the engine. Early Pears gather for use before quite ripe ; this will 
increase their flavour and juiciness. Among the best varieties ripe 
this month are the Citron des Cannes, and Muscat Robert. 
KITCHEN-GARDEN. 
Alexanders, earth up. Artichokes, attend to. Asparagus- 
beds, clean; leave off cutting from. Beans, plant, b. ; leave some 
in production for seed. Beet (Red), thin, b. ; (Green and White), 
sow, b. Borage, sow, e. Borecole, plant; prick out. Brocoli, 
prick out; plant, e. Cabbages, plant; prick out seedlings; sow; 
earth up advancing. Carrots, thin, b.; sow, b. Cauliflowers, 
plant, e. Celeriac, plant. Celery, prick out; plant; earth up. 
Chamomile Flowers, gather. Chervil, sow, e. Coleworts, 
j plant. Coriander, sow. Cress (American), sow. Cucumbers, 
attend to; make layers for late fruiting. Earth-up where neces¬ 
sary. Endive, plant; sow. Finochio, earth up. Garlic, take 
up as wanted. Hoeing, particularly attend to. Horse radish, 
attend to. Kidney Beans (dwarfs), sow; (runners), sow, b.; attend 
to advancing crops. Lavender, gather. Leeks, weed, &c. ; 
plant principal winter crop, b. Lettuces, plant; sow; leave for 
seed. Marigold Flowers, gather. Marjoram, gather for dry- 
i ing. Melons, attend to; plant, b.; give air abundantly. Mint, 
j plant, b. Mushkoom-beds, attend to; make, e.; spawn, collect, 
i Onions, weed, &c. ; press down leaves; sow, b. Parsley, sow; 
I (Hamburgh), thin, Sic. Parsnips, weed, &c. Peas, sow; hoe 
| advancing; leave for seed. Peppermint, gather. Pompions 
are fit for pickling; attend to. Pot-herbs are fit in general for 
drying and distilling. Radishes, sow. Rampion is fit for use, e. 
j Rape (edible rooted), sow. Salsafy, thin, Sic. Savoys, plant. 
Scorzonera, thin, Sic. Scurvy Grass, sow. Seeds, gather as 
they ripen. Small Salading, sow. Spinach, sow; hoe and thin. 
I Stir ground between plants. Succory', sow. Turnips, sow, b. ; 
i hoe advancing crops. Turnip Cabbages, prick out. Vacant 
ground, dig; free from weeds, &c. Water where necessary. 
Wormwood, plant. 
London : Printed by Harry Wooldridge, 147 Strand, in the 
Parish of Saint Mary-le-Strand ; and Winchester, High-street, in 
the Parish of St. Mary Kalendar; and Published by William 
Somerville Orr, at the Office, 147, Strand, in the Parish of 
Saint Mary-le-Strand, London.—June 28th, 1849. 
