DIPTERA (TWO-WINGED ELIES). 77 
found (with the pupae) in brooks and streams, adhering to the sub¬ 
merged stems of rushes and other water plants. 
The mode of life of the larvae of the true Midges ( Chirono- 
viidre) is somewhat varied, those of the genus 
Chironomus being aquatic or living in the soil 
or in droppings (the well-known “ blood-worm,” 
so common in rain-water, is the larva of 
Chironomus plumosus, L.) ; the larvae of the 
genus Ceratovoqon, which includes a number of 
CH1HONOMUS PLUMOSUS. ® , ■ V/r • 1 £ J 1 , 1 l 1 
blood-sucking Midges, are lound under the bark 
of trees, in decaying vegetable matter, or in water \ the larvae of 
Clunio are marine, living in rock-pools and feeding on green sea¬ 
weed ( Cladophora). 
The exceedingly active larvae and pupae of 
Gnats or Mosquitoes ( Culicidm ) are exclusively 
aquatic, and are to be found in ponds, tanks, or 
butts of rain-water, and also in open drains and 
cess-pools : in the tropics, in casual accumula¬ 
tions of water in old tins, bottles, calabashes, 
etc. (Culicince), or in stagnant or nearly 
stagnant water in pools, at the side of slowly 
flowing streams, or in permanent puddles 
ANOPHELES 
For special instructions for collecting mosquitoes, see. pp. 81-91. 
The grub-like larva; of Daddy-long-legs 
(Tipulidce and Limnobidce. ) live for the 
most part in rotten wood, in water, or in 
the soil. The grubs known in England as 
“ Leather-jackets,” so destructive to the 
roots of tui'f and sometimes to cabbages, 
are the larvae of Tipula paludosa, Mg., 
and T. oleracea , L. 
LIMNOBU NUBECULOSA, 
6 
