98 
BLOOD-SUCKING ARTHROPODA. 
parasitic on horses, donkeys, camels, cattle, or dogs. It is probable 
that certain species have been introduced with horses into new 
localities. At Pretoria Dr. Theiler has succeeded experimentally 
in inoculating cattle with Trypanosoma theileri by means of Hippo- 
bosca rujipes, v. Olfers (fig. 11). Allobosca, comprising the single 
species A. crassipes, Speiser, has only rudimentary wings, and is 
parasitic upon lemurs in Madagascar. Ortholfersia, of which two 
species have been described, is found on kangaroos and wallabies 
in Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. The four or five known 
species of Lipoptena are deer- and goat-parasites occurring in 
Europe, North and Central America, Japan, Malacca, and Sinai. 
Decently the European Lipoptena cervi, L , has been met with in 
the Transvaal, and it is possible that it was accidentally introduced 
with remounts during the Boer War. The single species of Melo- 
phacjus ( M. ovinus, L.) is a parasite of sheep in Europe and North 
America. 
Notes on Habits, etc. 
Comparatively little is yet known as to the bionomics of Blood¬ 
sucking Diptera in general, so that notes on the habits, distribution, 
seasonal occurrence, relative frequency, etc., of particular species 
will always be of great value and interest. Clinical observations 
as to the effect of the bites of the various species on man and 
domestic animals are also required. 
FLEAS, BUGS, AND TICKS. 
Fleas, bugs, and ticks are wanted in addition to Blood-sucking 
Diptera. These creatures, however, must not be pinned, but should 
be preserved and sent home in alcohol, by the same method as 
that recommended for Diptera (see pages 71, 85). To contain the 
specimens it is best to use small corked glass tubes, which should 
be carefully packed in cotton wool in a strong wooden or metal 
box for transmission to England. A pdug of soft paper should 
be placed on the top of the specimens in each tube, to prevent 
injury from shaking or washing about, and thei’e should also he 
inserted in the tube a slip of paper bearing the necessary data 
written in pencil. Specimens of different species should of course 
be put up in separate tubes, 
