INTRODUCTION. 
EARLY all the fossil remains of Echinoderma described in this 
memoir belong to the two classes Crinoidea and Echinoidea, of 
which the Crinoidea are dealt with first. Except for a few 
crinoid columnals, which come from beds apparently contemporaneous 
with the Muschelkalk, the fossils appear to be distributed between 
two horizons, of which the lower seems to contain a fauna generally 
similar tothat of the well-known Cassian Beds (zone of Trachyceras 
Aon), while the upper horizon is not much later in date and may be 
regarded as Raiblian. These matters, however, will be discussed 
more fittingly after the material has been described. 
The first instalment of these fossils was sent to me by Professor 
L. de Löczy in April 1901, and further instalments followed in December 
1902 and February 1903. For the long time that has elapsed before 
the completion of this memoir I have frequently had to crave his indul- 
gence. The personal reasons that have contributed to this delay need 
no mention here, but it may be pointed out that the fragmentary nature 
of the material has rendered the task far from easy. The mere sorting 
out and examination under a lens of each of the many thousand minute 
specimens was in itself a lengthy process. Then, before going far with 
their determination and description, it was found necessary to examine 
all the type-specimens, and as much other material as was available, 
of species previously described from other Triassic localities. We have 
fortunately an excellent series of St. Cassian fossils, including the main 
Klipstein collection, in the British Museum. This has been of the greatest 
Service, especially since it has been sadly neglected by previous writers. 
The collections of Münster and otners at Munich, those specially examined 
by Laube at the Hofmuseum and the Geologische Reichsanstalt in Vienna, 
the Quenstedt collection at Tübingen, the Zwinger in Dresden, the 
Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, and the collections of the Geological 
