Crinoidea, Pentacrinidae. 
21 
Holocrinus. 
1886. (?) Holocrinus C. Wachsmuth & F. Springer: Revision of Palaeocrinoidea, III, p. 215; Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia, 1886, p. 139. 
1893. Holocrinus O. Jaekel: Sitz.-Ber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1893, p. 201. 
1899. » F. A. B ather : Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1898, p. 922. 
1900. » F. A. Bather in E. R. Lankester’s „Zoology, III, Echinoderma'*. p. 182. 
A history of opinion concerning this genus, with an account of its structure, 
was given by Jaekel, who, however, did not dehne its systematic position. I have 
placed it with Dadocrinus at the base of the Pentacrinidae. Up to the present only 
two species have been described, namely, the genotype, Encrinus Beyrichi K. Picard 
(Zeitschr. deutsch, geol. Ges. XXXV, p. 199, pl. IX; 1883.), from the Lower Muschel¬ 
kalk near Sondershausen, and Encrinus Wagneri E. W. Benecke (Neues Jahrb. f. 
Min. 1887, Bd. I, p. 378), based on a specimen described as Encrinus gracilis by 
R. Wagner (Jena. Zeitschr., XX. p. 6, pls. I, II; 1886) from the lower Wellenkalk 
near Jena. 
The Stern is the part that chiefly concerns us. That of Holocrinus Beyrichi 
is said by Picard to be pentagonal throughout, about 1 mm. in diameter, with 
columnals varying in height from 1 mm. at the proximal end to 2'5 mm. at the 
distal end. The joint-faces have not been observed, but the sutures are crenelate. 
Cirri are borne in verticils of 5 by slightly swollen nodals, at intervals of 8—10. 
The cirrals are cylindrical. In H. Wagneri, as fully described and illustrated by 
Wagner, the stem is pentapetalous in its proximal region, and passes gradually 
through pentagonal to cylindrical in the distal region. The diameter is from 1 to 
2'7 mm. The columnals alternate in height in the proximal region, the average 
being about 0'3 mm.; from this they increase to 1 or even 1'2 mm. in the distal 
region, the higher ones however being often compound ossicles. The joint-faces of 
the proximal region may be smooth [these probably being syzygial] or crenelate, the 
crenellae being around 5 narrow petaloid areas; those of the median region are 
peripheral in 5 groups, and are visible on the suture. In the distal region, the 
crenellae appear to be simply peripheral, but often obscured. The cirri are borne in 
whorls of 3 or 2 on nodals at intervals of 13 to 16. The more proximal cirrals are 
oval in section, the more distal ones cylindrical. The cirrus-facets of the nodals 
are transversely or longitudinally elliptical, with a transverse fulcral ridge broken 
centrally by the axial canal. 
Holocrinus sp. 
(Plate I, fig. 36.) 
Material. — A fragment of pinkish-grey crystalline limestone (6 X 3'3 cm.) 
from Balaton-Piired, Zala megye, Tainäshegy, said to be of Muschelkalk age, bears 
on its weathered surface numerous scattered columnals, some brachials, and a few 
connected ossicles that I take to be fragments of cirri. 
Description of the Specimen. — One relatively large columnal (3‘6 mm. 
wide, 2’5 mm. high) appears to belong to Encrinus , but is not well preserved. 
The other columnals, which do not exceed 2'2 mm. in diameter, agree, so far 
as their state of preservation permits of comparison, with the description of Holo- 
