Echinoid Radioles, Anaulocidaris. 
139 
1875. Cidaris Buchii Münst., F. A. Quenstedt, Petrefactenk. Deutschlands, III, p. 200, pl. LXV1II, 
f. 99. 
1879. Anaulocidaris Buchii (Münst.), K. A. Zittel, Handb. d. Palaeont., Palaeozool., I, p. 486, f. 344. 
1884. Cidaris Buchi Münst., K. A. Zittel, Verh. geol. Reichsanst. Wien, 1884, p. 149. 
1884. » » Münst., K. A. Zittel, Neues Jahrb. f. Min., 1884, II, p. 132. 
1884. » ;> Münst., E. W. Benecke, tom. cit., pp. 132—134, ff. 1, 2. 
1886. » » Münst., L. Doederlein, Neues Jahrb. f. Min., 1886, I, pp. 192 — 194. 
1889. » Buchii Münst., S. v. Wöhrmann, Jahrb. geol. Reichsanst. Wien, XXXIX, p. 194, 
pl. V, f. 15. 
1900. Cidaris Buchii Münst., E. Hesse, Neues Jahrb. f. Min., Beil. ßd. XIII, p. 230. 
1900. » Buchi Münst., K. A. v. Zittel, Sitz.-Ber. Akad. München, 1899) p. 350. 
1900. Anaulocidaris Buchi (Münst.), J. Lambert, Bull. Soc. Sei. Yonne, LIII, p. 39 and p. 44. 
1900. Cidaris Buchi Münst., F. Broili, Centralbl. f. Min., 1900, p. 369. 
1904. » » Münst., F. Broili, Palaeontographica, L, p. 156, pl. XVII, ff. 45—48. 
Diagnosis of the genus. — See p. 94. 
The history of the genus may be briefly related. 
Under the names Cidaris (seu Cidarites ) Buchii and C. reinifera, Münster 
(1829, 1834, 1841) described and flgured radioles of the respective shapes here 
designated «spatuliform» and «remiform», both from the Cassian beds. The type- 
specimen of C. reinifera (Pl. X, figs. 248, 249) and the heautotype of C. Buchi 
(Pl. X, figs. 246, 247) are preserved in the Palaeontological Museum at Munich, 
vvhere I have examined them; their outlines are given in text-figures 27 and 37 
(pp. 155 & 158). The holotype of C. Buchi is no longer to be found. 
The gradual discovery of intermediate shapes led Desor (1855) tentatively, 
and Laube (1865) deünitely, to merge the two forms in a single species C. Buchi, 
a course follovved by all subsequent authors. In 1879 Zittel described and figured 
some remains which he regarded as unituberculate interambulacrals, probably sup- 
porting the spatuliform and remiform radioles of C. Buchi. The hexagonal or irregulär 
outline and bevelled margins of these plates led Zittel to place the species in the 
Archaeocidaridae, as the genotype of a new genus Anaulocidaris, the name being 
due to the absence of a scrobicule. It will here be noticed that this description 
agrees closely with that of the interambulacrals from Jeruzsälemhegy, described and 
referred to this genus on p. 95. There is, however, an important diflerence between 
the two sets of structures. Our interambulacrals have each an obvious mamelonate 
tubeicle, whereas the fossils figured by Zittel would, if complete, have shown an 
acetabular cavity. The latter are in fact radioles of the shape here called «paleti- 
form», and the recognition of this by Zittel (1884) was due to the discovery of 
intermediate <trulliform» radioles, some of which were excellently described and 
figured by Benecke (1884). The genus Anaulocidaris was dropped, since mere 
modification of the radioles did not appear sufficient warrant for it; and so it has 
been left by all writers of importance except Lambert (1900), whose retention of it 
in the Perischoechinoidea is probably due to an oversight. The discovery of the 
undoubted interambulacrals has now led to the resuscitation of the genus, not, 
however, as an Archaeocidarid, but as a Cidarid, although, oddly enough, some of 
the peculiar characters of these plates did at first suggest a closer relationship to 
Archaeocidaridae. 
The list of references to Anaulocidaris Buchi given above, is not intended as 
a synonymy. Though the radioles from the Cassian beds all belong to the same 
