394 METEOROLOGY OF THE CASCADES. 
incongruities, has adapted climate to country. Where there is no soil for the labor of the agricul¬ 
turist, the necessity for a favorable climate is not apparent. 
As the observations of this portion of the expedition, together with the others, are to be placed 
in the hands of a competent person, and a general report on the meteorology of the Territory 
prepared for them, I have confined myself to the above statement of facts. 
The instruments used by the expedition were two English barometers, Green’s hygrometers 
and thermometers. The rain-gauge was broken soon after leaving Fort Vancouver, and from that 
time no measurement of rain was taken. The expedition is indebted to John B. Preston, Esq., 
late surveyor general of Oregon Territory, for two French barometers. They were, however, of 
little value, soon broken, and the observations made with them do not appear in the tables. The 
last English barometer was broken near Fort Okinakane, and in place of it an aneroid was used. 
From my experience with the latter, I have small faith in it as a field instrument. Its observa¬ 
tions have been tabulated to October 26th, in order to connect with those of the main expedition 
from the east. From its movements, however, I should be afraid to vouch for their value. In 
the general observations of the expedition I have perfect confidence. My assistant, J. D. Biles, 
is a faithful and accurate observer, and I am indebted to him for much valuable assistance. The 
principal observations were taken by him under my directions. 
A series of observations were made at Vancouver, by my direction, with the standard barom¬ 
eter, beginning July 19th and ending November. The observer was a man already noticed by 
the Smithsonian Institution for correct and accurate observation, and I believe the series taken by 
him to be reliable. 
The thermometer, for the month of July, at Vancouver, indicates a temperature ranging— 
From 60° to 6S° at sunrise. 
From 67 to 78 at 9 a. m. 
From 80 to 90 at 3 p. m. 
From 71 to S2 at 9 p. m. 
Weather, fair and pleasant; general direction of wind, north and northwest; no rain. 
For the month of August— 
From 50° to 60° at sunrise. 
From 60 to 70 at 8 a. m. 
From 74 to 85 at 3 p. m. 
From 54 to 71 at 9 p. m. 
Weather, clear generally; general direction of wind, northwest; rain fell on the 7th, 8th, and 
9th instant. 
For the month of September— 
From 46° to 58° at sunrise. 
From 52 to 69 at 9 a. m. 
From 60 to 79 at 3 p. m. 
From 52 to 70 at 9 p. m. 
Weather, cloudy; general direction of wind, west; rain on the 13th, 14th, 15th, 17th, 20th, 
and 21st instant. 
For the month of October— 
From 33° to 57° at sunrise. 
From 49 to 66 at 9 a. m. 
From 51 to 83 at 3 p. m. 
From 42 to 69 at 9 p. m. 
Weather, cloudy; general direction of wind, north and northwest; rain fell on 5th, 11th, 13th, 
15th, 21st, 24th, 25th, 27th, 30th, and 31st instant. 
