METEOROLOGY OP THE CASCADES. 
395 
For the month of November— 
From 32° to ,53° at sunrise. 
From 36 to 52 at 9 a. m. 
From 39 to 59 at 3 p. m. 
From 34 to 56 at 9 p. m. 
Weather, cloudy; general direction of wind, south and southeast; rain fell on 13th, 14th, 17th, 
18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22d, 23d, 24th, 25lh, and 26th instant. 
These observations present no striking phenomena; and for particulars I beg leave to refer 
to the tables, not only in this case, but throughout the expedition. The remarks daily are full 
and accurate, and will be a sufficient guide to any one interested in the subject. 
In connexion with the tables, I have the honor to submit a list of the camps, with the temper¬ 
ature of the soil at the surface, and also one foot below the surface ; and, in addition, a list of 
the streams crossed by the expedition in its march, with the temperatures of the streams at the 
time of crossing. 
The expedition is indebted to the Rev. Mr. Atkinson, of Oregon City, for a series of meteorolo¬ 
gical observations from 1849 to 1853; to Dr. Steele, of the same place, also for observations; to 
Mr. Moore, of Lynn City, for a copy of thermometrical observations, taken early in the history 
of Oregon, after the white settlements were made, and originally published in the “Oregon Spec¬ 
tator,” the first newspaper in Oregon Territory. These observations will accompany the tables, 
and are of great value as affording means of comparisons of the climate during different years. 
I take great pleasure in acknowledging the personal courtesy shown me by the above-named 
gentlemen, and also by Amory Holbrook, Esq., who rendered me valuable assistance in my 
search after old and forgotten observations. 
I am, Captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
SYLVESTER MOWRY, 
Second Lieut. 3 d Artillery, in Charge of Meteorological Observations. 
Capt. George B. McClellan, 
Corps of Engineers, Chief of Exploring Expedition, Sfc., Sfc. 
Olympia, Washington Territory, 
February 6, 1854. 
Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith four profile maps: 
1st. A barometric profile of the route pursued by the main party of the western division of 
the North Pacific Railroad Exploring Expedition, under your command, from Fort Vancouver to 
Fort Colville, Washington Territory. 
2d. A barometric profile of the Snoqualme Pass, Cascade range, including the valley of Ya¬ 
kima river from its mouth. 
3d. A barometric profile of the Nahchess Pass, Cascade range, including the Yakima valley 
to the mouth of the Nahchess river, and the Nahchess valley. 
4. A barometric profile of the valley of the Methow river, from its mouth to the junction of 
the Twitsp river with the Methow, of the valley of the Twitsp to the junction of the Nahaiee- 
lixon river with the Twitsp, and of the Nahaieelixon for a distance of three and a half miles from 
its mouth. 
The observations from which the profile was calculated were taken with an English barometer, 
which was carefully compared with the standard barometers for several days before the expedi¬ 
tion left Vancouver. The instrument was a good one, and in good order. The observations 
were taken either by myself or by my assistant, J. D. Biles, in whose accuracy and fidelity I have 
perfect confidence, and I believe them to be reliable. 
