ZOOLOGY. 
110 
from the different private American traders and companies, only 2,00Qbeing annually collected 
by the Hudson Bay Company. At the great sale mentioned they brought from 11 pence to 2 
guineas each, and were collected during the previous year. They were principally in demand 
for the Germans and Prussians, who use them for caps, &c., &c. 
The raccoon is the bellopes of the Nisqually Indians, and by them is considered the second 
species of wild-cat which inhabits their country 1 
A fine male P. hernandezii was obtained by me at Fort Steilacoom October 21, 1856. It 
measured as follows : 
? Nose to base of tail..*..... 32.00 inches. 
Vertebras of tail. 11.50 “ 
Tail to the tip of hair .. 13.25 “ 
Easy girth behind shoulders... 13.25 “ 
S. 
URSUS HORRIBILIS, 0 r d . 
Grizzly Bear. 
TJrsus htyrribilis, Ord, Guthrie’s Geography, 2d Am. Ed. II, 1815, 291, 299. 
Sat, in Long’s Exped. II, 1823, 53. 
TJrsus ferox, (“ Lewis & Clark,”) Richardson, F. B. A I, 1829, 24; pi. i. 
Aud. & Bach, N. A. Quad. Ill, 1853, 141 ; pi. cxxxi. 
White bear, Barton, Phila. Med. and Phys. Jour. I, 1805, 75. 
Grizzly, gray, white, and brown bear, Lewis St Clark, passim. 
g P . Ch —Size very large. Tail shorter than ears. Hair coarse, darkest near the base, with light tips. An erect mane 
between the shoulders. Feet very large ; fore claws twice as long as the hinder ones. A dark dorsal stripe from occiput to 
tail, and another lateral one on each side along the flanks, obscured and nearly concealed by the light tips ; intervals between 
the stripes lighter. All the hairs on the body brownish-yellow or hoary at tips. Region around the ears dusky ; legs nearly 
black. Muzzle pale, without a darker dorsal stripe. 
BEARS. 
White or Grizzly ; Yellow Bear; Brown or Cinnamon. 
There is great diversity of opinion whether these are the same bears under a different 
condition of peltry, age, &c., or not. It is certain that the young of the grizzly do not necessarily 
differ in color from the old, as I have seen gray or white cuhs as well as old bears, and the two 
varieties inhabit the same district of country. Lewis and Clark suppose them to be the same, 
and mention a peculiarity that I never thought of noticing, i. e., their bearing the testicles in 
separate bags, from two to four inches apart, pendant from the belly, and further forward than 
those ©f the black bear. Both are abundant throughout California. I saw great numbers in 
1851 upon the true Coast range of that State, or the one lying between Russian and Eel rivers 
and the Pacific. They are abundant, also, upon the “Bald Hills,” between Humboldt bay and 
the Klamath, and on the mountains between the Klamath and Trinity rivers ; in fact, almost 
everywhere that the oaks and manzanita (shrubby arbutus) furnish acorns and berries. Of 
the berries of this manzanita, which resemble, in size and character, those of the arbutus uva 
ursi, they are very fond. They also dig up the nest'of the “yellow jacket wasp,” which 
abounds in the mountains. More to the northward they become scarce near the coast. I have 
never heard of them on the Coast range between the Willamette and the sea. Neither are 
they found to the north of the Columbia, though the Chinooks have a separate name for them, 
