ZOOLOGY. 
181 
DENDROICA AUDUBONII, Baird. 
Audubon’s Warbler. 
Sylvia audubonii, Townsend, J. A. N. Sc. Ph. VII, 11 , 1837.—Ib. Narrative, 1839, 342.— Add. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, 
52; pi. 395. 
Sylvicola audubonii, Bonap. List, 1838.— Aud. Syn. 1839, 52 .—Ib. Birds Amer. II, 1841, 26 ; pi. 77. 
Dendroica audubonii, Baird, Gen. Rep. Birds, p. 273. 
Sp. Ch. —Above bluish ash, streaked with black, most marked on the middle of the back; on head and neck bluish ash. 
Middle of crown, rump, chin, and throat, and a patch on the side of the breast, gamboge yellow. Space beneath and anterior 
to the eyes, fore part of breast and sides, black; this color extending behind on the sides in streaks. Middle of belly, under tail 
coverts, a portion of upper and lower eyelids, and a broad band on the wings, with a spot on each ol the four or five exterior tail 
feathers, white; rest of tail feathers, black. Female brown above; the other markings less conspicuous and less black. Length, 
5.75; extent, 9 25; wings, 3.20; tail, 2.25. Female smaller; iris brown; bill and feet black. 
Hab .—Pacific coast of United States to central Rocky mountains. South to Mexico. 
Audubon’s warbler is tbe most abundant species in the Territory, and probably is a constant 
resident in the mild winters, as I noticed them abundant at the Straits of De Fuca as early as 
March 17. Its lively song is heard everywhere on the borders of woods, even on the coast, 
where few of these small species visit. I never could discover the nest, which is probably 
built high in the branches of the evergreens which it frequents in summer. In fall the 
straggling flocks of young birds wander about shrubby places in large numbers, making no 
sound but a sharp chirping call.—C. 
This is the most abundant wood-warbler found in the western section of Washington Territory. 
I have procured many specimens, both for the Smithsonian Institution and for private exchanges. 
In the vicinity of Fort Steilacoom this bird is found, principally in the oak trees (Q . Garryana ) 
on the Nisqually plains. In the spring it arrives a littler earlier than the other warblers. In 
the spring of 1856 I obtained the first of that season about March 20. The young are generally 
able to fly by June 25.—S. 
DENDROICA AESTIYA, Baird. 
Yellow WarMer. 
Motacilla aestiva, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I, J788, 996. 
Sylvia aestiva, Latham, Index Orn. II, 1790, 551.— Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept. II, 1807, 35; pi. xcv.— Bonap. Obs. 
Wils. 1826, No. 144.— Aud. Orn. Biog. I, 1831, 476; pi. 95, 35.— Nutt. Man. I, 1832, 370. 
Sylvicola aestiva, Swainson, F. Bor. Am. II, 1831, 211.— Bonap. List, 1838— Aud. Syn. 1839, 57.— Ib. Birds Amer. 
II, 1841, 50; pi. 88. 
Rhimamphus aestivus, Bonap. Consp. 1850, 311.— Cabanis, Mus. Hein. 1851, 19 —Ib. Journ. Orn. Ill, 1855, 472, 
(Cuba.) 
Sylvia citrinella, Wilson, Am. Orn. II, 1810, 111; pi. xv, f. 5. 
Sylvia childreni, Aud. Orn. Biog. I, 1831, 180; pi. 35. (Immature.) 
? Sylvia rathbonia, Aud. Orn. Biog. I, 1831, 333; pi. 65. 
? Sylvicola rathbonia, Aud. Syn. 1839, 58 .—Ib. Birds Amer. II, 1841, 53; pi. 89. 
? Motacilla petechia, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1, 1766, 334.— Gmelin, I, 1788, 983. 
Dendroica aestiva, Baird, Gen. Rep. Birds, p. 282. 
Sp. Ch. —Bill lead color. Head all round, and under parts generally bright yellow; rest of upper parts yellow olivaceous, 
brightest on the rump. Back with obsolete streaks of dusky reddish brown. Fore breast and sides of the body streaked with 
brownish red. Tail feathers bright yellow; the outer webs and tips, with the whole upper surfaces of the innermost one, brown; 
extreme outer edges of wing and tail feathers olivaceous, like tne back; the middle and greater eoverts and tertials edged with 
yellow, forming two bands on the wings. Female similar, with the crown olivaceous, like the back, and the streaks wanting 
on the back, and much restricted on the upper parts. Tail with more brown. Iris brown. Feet dingy flesh color. Length of 
male, 5 25; extent, 7.75; wing, 2.66; tail, 2.25. (940 ) 
Hab .—United States from Atlantic to Pacific; south to Guatemala and West Indies. 
