246 
ZOOLOGY. 
tinged with ashy; every feather with transverse and confluent bands of brownish black, most numerous and predominating 
on the back and scapulars; secondary quills, under wing coverts, and axillaries, bright rufous; primaries with their outer 
webs brownish black and their inner webs rufous, with transverse bands of black. Under pirts pale rufous, with longitudinal 
lines of black on the neck and sides; tail rufous, tinged with ashy, transversely barred with brownish black. Bill brownish 
black; base of under mandible reddish yellow; legs bluish brown. Specimens vary to some extent in the shade of the rufous 
color of the^plumage, and very much in the length of the bill. The rufous color is probably more distinct in the young. 
Total length about 25 inches; wing, 10 to 11; tail, 4; bill, 5 to 8; tarsus, 2| inches. 
Hab. —The entire temperate regions of North America. 
Curlews apparently of this species are quite common throughout Minnesota, where, while 
I was attached to the northern Pacific railroad exploration, I observed them in June and July, 
1853, very abundant for several hundred miles west of the Mississippi, breeding and rearing 
their young on the vast prairies of that region. 
In Oregon, near Fort Dalles, and in Washington Territory, near the Simcoe and Yakima 
valleys, they are abundant during the breeding season. 
In the vicinity of Puget Sound the long-billed curlew is occasionally seen. During a long 
residence at Fort Steilacoom I obtained but a single pair, shot on Muckleshoot prairie August 
1, 1856. Measurements, in detail, of these were carefully taken, and were as follows: ? Male, 
length, 21.50 inches; extent, 40; wing, 12; bill, 5; tibia, 4.50; tarsus, 3.50. ? Female, 
length,[20; extent, 36.25; wing, 10.50; bill, 4.50; tibia, 4; tarsus, 3.00. 
Both birds had the legs and feet bluish gray; bill dark at the terminal end, reddish dusky 
at base; iris dai’k. During the breeding season this species is readily “tolled ” towards the 
gunner by whistling in imitation of its cry. In this they resemble the avosets and yellow¬ 
legged tattler.—S. 
I observed three times only, during eighteen months’ residence near the coast, a curlew of 
large size, which I supposed to be the long-billed species common near San Francisco. They 
seemed to be stragglers, and were very shy, alighting only a few minutes at Shoalwater bay, 
W. T., and then going off southward.—C. 
Family HALLIDAE .—T he Rails. 
It ALDUS ELEGANS, Aud. 
Kin" Rail; Marsh Hen. 
Rallus elegans, Aud. Orn. Biog. Ill, 1835, 27; pi. 203 — Ib. Syn. 21. —Ib. Birds Am. V, 1842, 160; pi. 309.— Gund- 
lach, Cab. Jour. 1856, 427.— Baird & Cassin, Gen. Rep. Birds, 746. 
Rallus crepitans, Wils. Am. Orn. VII, 1813; pi. lxii, f. 2. (Not the description.) 
Sp. Ch.— The largest species of the United States. Upper parts olive brown, with longitudinal stripes of brownish black, 
most numerous on the back; line from the base of the bill over the eye dull orange yellow; space before and behind the eye 
brownish cinereous. Throat and lower eyelid white; neck before and breast bright rufous chestnut; sides and abdomen, and 
under tail coverts, with transverse bands of brownish black and white, the dark bands being the wider; tibae dull yellowish 
white, with spots and transverse bars of ashy brown. Upper wing coverts reddish chestnut; under wing coverts black, with 
transverse lines of white. Sexes alike. Total length (from tip of bill to end of tail) about 17 inches; wing, 6£ ; tail, 3. 
Hab. —Middle and southern States on the Atlantic ocean; California.—(Dr, Suckley.) 
The king rail is very common in the San Francisco market; and I am informed by George 
Gibbs, esq., that they are abundant on Humboldt bay, further to the north. I have not seen 
any of this species in the Puget Sound district, but suppose that in favorable localities they 
are occasionally to be found. 
A fine specimen was presented to me in San Francisco by F. Gruber, an excellent practical 
taxidermist of that city.—S. 
