ZOOLOGY. 
2G5 
LOPHODYTES CUCULLATUS, (Linn.) Reicli. 
Hooded Merganser. 
Mergus cucullatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1,1766, 207.— Gmelin, T, 544.— Wilson, Am. Oru. VIII, 79; pi. lxix.— Bon. Obs. 
No. 251.—Sw. F. Bor. Am. II, 1831,463.— Nuttall, Man. II, 465 .—Aud. Ora. Biog. Ill, 1835, 
246: V. 619; pi. 233 .—Ib. Syn. 299 .—Ib. Birds Amer. VI, 1843, 402; pi. 413. 
Lophodytes cucullatus, Beicii, Systema Avium, 1852, p. ix.— Bonap. Comptes Kendus, XLIII, 1856.— Baird, Gen. 
Eep. Birds, 816. 
Sp. Cn—Head with an elongated, compressed, semicircular crest. Anterior extremity of nostrils reaching not quite as 
far as the middle of commissure. Frontal feathers extending nearly as far as half the distance from lateral feathers to 
nostril; the latter much beyond the feathers on side of lower mandible. Bill shorter than head. 
Male. —Bill black. Head, neck, and back, black; under parts and centre of crest white. Sides chestnut brown, barred 
with black. White anterior to the wing, crossed by two black crescents. Lesser coverts gray; white speculum with a basal 
and median black bar; black tertials streaked centrally v/ith white. 
Female with a shorter and more pointed crest. The head and neck reddish brown; the back without pure black; the sides 
without transverse bars; the white of wings less extended. 
Length, 17.50; wing, 7.90; tarsus, 1.20; commissure, 1.98. 
Hib. —Whole of North America. 
The beautiful hooded merganser is extremely common in winter on the fresh water lakes 
near Fort Steilacoom, where I obtained several fine specimens of both sexes. They also breed 
sparingly in the neighborhood. 
In the summer of 1856 I shot one out of a brood of half-grown young, which were being 
reared on a small sluggish stream near the garrison garden. Being but slightly wounded, it 
showed great dexterity in swimming, diving, and hiding, and other spirited endeavors to escape. 
The rest of the brood, being unharmed, took to the shore and managed most successfully to 
hide in the long grass near the water. The individual shot was about two-thirds grown, and 
seemed to be in color an exact miniature of the adult female.—S. 
The hooded merganser is often shot in winter, but I never saw it during summer in the 
Territory.—C. 
Family P ELECANIDAE .—T he Pelicans- 
PELECANUS ERYTHRORHYNCHUS, Gmelin. 
KougH-bUlecl or White Pelican. 
Pelecanus erythrorhynchus, Gm. Syst. Nat. 1788, 571.— Baird and Lawrence, Gen. Eep. Birds, p. 868. 
Pelecanus trachyrhynchus, Lath. Ind. Orn. II, 1790, 884.— Bon. Comp. List, 1838, 60.— Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1845, 309. 
Cylropelicanus trachyrhynchus, Bon. Cons. Av. II, 1855,163. 
Pelecanus onocrotalus, Bon. Syn. 1828, No. 351.— Bich. and Sw. F. Bor. Am. 11,1831,472 .—Nutt. Man. II, 1834,471. 
Pelecanus americanus, Aud. Orn. Biog. IV, 1838,88.— Ib. Syn. 1839 .—Ib. Birds Am. VII, 1844, 20 ; pi. ccccxxii. 
Sp. Ch.—H ead with a yellow occipital crest; bill yellow, sub-maxillary pouch very large ; general color white ; primaries 
black, second the longest; legs and feet very strong. 
Adult male. —The general plumage is pure white; in the breeding season, with a roseate tinge ; the crest and elongated 
feathers on the breast pale yellow; the alula, primary coverts, and primaries black, the shafts of the latter white for the 
greater part of their length, being brownish black at the end ; the outer secondaries black, the inner more or less white, the 
shafts of all white underneath. Bill yellow, with the edges and unguis reddish ; upper mandible high at the base, but 
becoming gradually flattened to the end ; on the ridge just beyond the middle of the bill is a thin elevated bony process 
about one inch high, and extending towards the end for three or four inches ; lower mandible broad at the base, with the 
crura separated nearly to the point; underneath the lower mandible, beginning at the junction of the crura, and extending 
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