ZOOLOGY. 
271 
but probably retires to the north, for breeding purposes, in the spring, as after the middle of 
April they become quite scarce in that vicinity. During the cold months they are found in 
large flocks along the shores of the sound, and on the flats and marshes at the mouths of the 
small rivers and creeks in the neighborhood. At high water they are apt to extend their 
excursions a short distance above the mouths of these streams, flying singly or in small com¬ 
panies of three or four. They are at that season quite tame and unwary, flying very close to 
man, and allowing themselves to be readily killed with fowling pieces. When an individual is 
killed or wounded, the others, attracted by the sight, hover about their companion, and become 
an easy prey to the gunner. In this habit they resemble many other species of gull. 
Most of the specimens I obtaiqed were either in immature plumage, or else in peculiar winter 
dress. I have noticed from a short distance, among large flocks, certain individuals which 
varied greatly in the degrees of lightness of coloration, some being quite white-looking, while 
others had a very dark, dingy, smoked appearance. 
They apparently subsist principally on such refuse matters as are washed up along the 
shores at high water. They are fond of resting on logs, boards, and bits of wood, which are 
at all times found drifting about on the waters of the sound. Floating on these they remain 
almost asleep for hours, until the tide having retreated, they leave their frail barks and con¬ 
gregate in vast numbers on their favorite feeding grounds.—S. 
This gull, of which I obtained several specimens in various stages of plumage at Shoalwater 
bay, differs in no respect from the following in habits, as far as I observed, and constantly 
associates with it, at least in the colder weather. It seems to be a larger bird in each period 
of its growth. 
Note. —Larus chalcopterus (Licht.) Lawrence, Gen. Rep. Birds, p. 843. During the coldest 
winter weather of January, 1855, a gull appeared at Shoalwater bay larger than the pre¬ 
ceding, and with its mantle very pale gray, wings unmarked with black, bill and feet whitish. 
It remained only a short time, and was very shy. It fed along the shore, like the other 
species. It agreed with the L. chalcopterus of Mr. Lawrence better than any other.—C. 
LARUS 0CCIDENTALIS, Audubon. 
The Western Gull. 
Larus occidentallis, Aud. Orn. Biog. Y, 1839, 320.— Aud. Birds Am. YII, 1844, 161.— Lawrence & Baird, Gen. 
Rep. Birds, 845. 
Laroides occidentalis, Bruch, Cab. Jour. 1855, 282. —Bon. Cons Av. II, 1856, 219. 
Sp. Ch.— Adult .—The head, neck, rump, tail, and under plumage pure white; the back and wings grayish blue, many 
shades darker than in L. argentatus; the first six primaries are black towards their ends, extending on the first for about 
half its length, and lessening on the others, until on the sixth it is reduced to a narrow sub-terminal bar ; the tips of all are 
white ; on the first the white is an inch and a half in extent, and crossed near the end with black ; secondaries and tertiaries 
with broad white tips ; iris gray ; bill deep yellow, with a bright orange red spot on the angle of the lower mandible; legs 
and feet flesh color. 
Young mottled with lead colored brown, grayish white, and brownish ash, lighter on the lower parts ; primaries blackish 
biown ; bill brownish black, dull yellow at base ; legs and feet brownish flesh color ; eye dark brown. 
Length, 21.50 to 24 inches; extent, 62 to 55; wing, 15.25 to 17 ; tail, 7; bill, 2£; depth at angle, -}■ tarsus, J|. 
Female smallest. 
Hah .—Northwest coast of North America. 
The western gull is very abundant along the whole of the coast that it inhabits, as far south 
as the Peninsula of California, where I noticed them for the last time on my voyage down the 
coast in December, 1855. On the numerous small islands near the Mexican boundary they 
