ZOOLOGY. 
351 
Sunfish, 1 ‘ pumpkin seeds, ’ ’ or roach, as they are called in Connecticut, are abundant in the 
same situations as the last mentioned fish. They are a little larger than the average of the 
individuals found in New York State, but in other respects seem very similar. They are taken 
with the same bait, and seem to be identical in habits with their more eastern relatives. I 
observed, in some of the lakes of western Minnesota, vast numbers of their spawning beds ox- 
nests. These were usually of two or three feet in diameter, and depressed in the middle. 
STIZOSTEDION BOREUS, Grd. 
Okow, or Horn Fish; Pike-perch; Wall-eyed Pike. 
Plate XI, Figs. 5—8. 
Sp. Ch. — Body slender, elongated, and sub-fusiform. Snout conical; mouth deeply cleft; posterior extremity of maxillary 
bone extending to a vertical line drawn posteriorly to the orbit. Scales on cheek and opercle not deciduous, larger upon the 
opercle than upon the cheek. Insertion of ventral fins situated posteriorly to the base of pectorals, and somewhat anteriorly to 
the origin of first dorsal. Posterior margin of caudal crescent shaped. Anus situated opposite the origin of the second dorsal 
fin. Yellowish or olivaceous, spotted with black. 
Syn. —Lucioperca borea , Grd. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. November, 1857. 
Okow , Crees, 
Horn Fish, fur traders, 
Richards, Faun. Bor. Amer. Ill, 1836, 14. 
The pike-perch is extremely abundant in some of the lakes near Sauk river, Minnesota, and 
I found them quite common in the pond holes and lagoons of Milk river, a tributary of the 
Upper Missouri. 
It is caught readily with the “revolving spoon” and with common bait, and when hooked is 
an active game-like fish, affording much sport to the angler. For the table its flesh is very 
good, resembling somewhat that of the yellow perch, or as if intermediate between that and 
that of the pickerel—hence its vulgar name. 
CHIROPSIS NEBULOSUS, Grd. 
Sp. Ch. —Dorsal fins contiguous. Caudal posteriorly sub-concave. Lower portion of cheeks and opercular apparatus 
scaleless. Base of anal longer than soft dorsal. Upper region black; inferior region olivaceous. 
Syn. —Chiropsis nebulosus, Grd. Gen. Rep. Fishes, 1858, 45. 
The colors above given are from an alcoholic specimen. 
This fish was obtained by me from the brackish waters just inside of the mouth of Steilacoom 
creek, and was caught with the “revolving spoon.” It is pi'obable that it, like many of the 
sculpins there caught, merely enter the river at high tide, retreating to the salt waters of the 
sound at the ebb. The extremities of the fin rays are free, giving the fins a fimbricated 
appearance. These rays were of a dingy yellow color; sides mottled with dusky bi-own and 
dirty yellow; ventral fins yellowish. 
COTTOPSIS ASPER, Grd. 
Prickly-skinned Sculpin. 
Sp. Ch. —Origin of first dorsal opposite the insertion of the upper ray of pectorals. First ray of anal under the fourth 
of second dorsal. Tip of pectorals extending to a vertical line passing posterior to the vent. Skin generally prickly ; lateral 
line slightly deflected upon the peduncle of the tail. Grayish white, studded with clove-brown spots ; beneath speckled. 
Syn. —Cottus asper .— Rich. Faun. Bor. Amer. Ill, 1836, 295 and 313, pi. xcv, fig. 1. 
Trachidermis richardsoni, Heck. Ann. Wien V!us. II, 1837, 162. 
Cenlridermichlhys asper, Rich. Voy. of Sulph. Ichthyol. 1844, 74 ; and, Rep. Ichthyol. China and Japan, (Rep. Brit. 
Cottopsis asper, Grd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Ill, 1850, 303.—Nouv. Mem. Soc. Helv. Sc. Nat. XII, 1851, 
185 ; and, Smith. Contrib. to Knowled. Ill, 1812, 62.—Girard, Gen. Rep. Fishes, 51. 
