ZOOLOGY. 
159 
Family PICIDAE—The Woodpeckers. 
PIC US HARRISII, And. 
Har ris’ Woodpecker* 
Ficus harrisii, Aud. Orn. Biog. V, 1839, 191 ; pi. 417 .—Ib. Syn. 1839, 178 — Ib. Birds America, IV, 1842, 242; 
pi. 261, (dark-bellied variety.)— Nuttall, Man. I, 2d ed. 1840, 627. —Baikd, Gen. Rep. 
Birds, p. 87. 
? Ficus inornaius, Licht. (Bon. Consp.) 
Ficus ( Trichopicus) harrisii, Bp. Consp. Zyg. Aten. Ital. 1854, 8. 
Sp. Ch. —Above black, a white stripe down the back. The only white spots on the surface of the folded wings are seen 
on the outer webs of the primaries and outer secondaries, (none on tertials.) Beneath whitish, with faint streaks on the 
side of the body. Two white and two black stripes on each side of the head; the latter confluent with the black of the 
neck, the upper white stripe nearly confluent. Three outer tail feathers with the exposed portions white. Length, 9.75 
inches ; extent, 16 inches ; wing, 5 inches. Male, with a nuchal scarlet crest covering the white of the back of the head. 
Size and general appearance that of the hairy woodpecker, Ficus villosus. Iris, hazel; feet, gray. 
Hah .—From the Pacific coast to the eastern slope of the Rocky mountains. 
Harris’ woodpecker is the most abundant species in the Territory, being found on both 
sides of the Cascade mountains, frequenting the lower parts of the great coniferous trees. It 
is a constant resident, and in May burrows out a nest in a dead tree sometimes only four feet 
from the ground. In cries and habits it is so exactly like the larger “sapsucker” of the 
Atlantic States, that were there not constant and unchangeable differences in plumage it would 
be taken for the same species.—C. 
Quite abundant. Obtained at Fort Dalles, where it is found among the true pines, and at 
Fort Steilacom, among the firs , (A. Douglassii.) It is a winter resident in both localities.—S. 
PICUS GAIRDNERI, Aud. 
Gairdiur’s Woodpfckcr. 
Picus gairdneri, Aud. Orn. Biog. V, 1839, 317.— Ib. Syn. 1839, 180.— Ib. Birds Amer. IV, 1842, 252, (not figured.)— 
Baihd, Gen. Rep. Birds, p. 91. 
Picus meridionalis, Nutt. Man. I, 2ded., 1840, 690, (not of Swainson.) 
Sp. Ch. —Very similar in size and color to P.pubescens; darker. Larger wing coverts, and more exposed tertials, either 
pure black, or with but occasional spots on the outer web in the latter. Black with a white median stripe. Side of head 
with two white and two black stripes. Two outer tail feathers white, with two bands of black at the end. Male with a 
scarlet occipital band. Length, 6f inches; extent, 11J ; wing, 3f, generally rather less. Iris, reddish brown ; feet, bluish 
black; bill, gray. 
Hah .—With P. harrisii, from Pacific coast to eastern base of Rocky mountains. 
The remarks applied to Harris’ can be also used respecting the close affinity of “ Gairdner’s 
woodpecker” to its eastern analogue, commonly known as the little sapsucker, and to naturalists 
as the “ downy woodpecker,” to distinguish it from the larger species, which is rather inap¬ 
propriately called the “hairy woodpecker.” This little bird seems purposely adapted for the 
business of ridding the smaller forest trees of the insects which infest their bark, as its larger 
relative is for its constant labor at the bark of the larger trees. “Gairdner’s” woodpecker 
is always found among the oaks, maples, and alders, industriously pecking the bark at all hours 
of the day, occasionally uttering its shrill cry as it flies from one to another. In habits, flight, 
and cries, it is a perfect miniature of the preceding, besides resembling so closely the small 
