258 
ZOOLOGY. 
Sub-Family F ULI GrXJLIN AE-The Sea-Ducks. 
FULIX MARILA, (Linn,) Baird. 
Big Black-llead; Scaup Duels ; Broatlbill. 
Anas marila, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 196 —Gm. I, 1788, 509.—Wilson, Am. Orn. VIII, 1814, 84; pi lxix. 
Fuligula marila, Steph. Shaw’s Gen. Zool. Birds XII, ii, 1824, 198.—Bon. List, 1838 .—Aud. Birds Am. VII, 1843, 
355 ; pi. 498 .—Gikaud, Birds L. Island, 1844, 321. (marila.) 
Aytliya marila, Bon. List, Birds Europe, 1842. 
Fulix marila, Baird, Gen. Bep. Birds, 791. 
Sr. Ch.—H ead and neck all round, jugulum and shoulders, lower part of hack, tail, and coverts black ; the head with a 
gloss of dark green on the sides. Best of under parts white ; feathers on the lower part of belly and on the sides, the long 
feathers of the flanks, the interscapulum, and the scapulars, white, waved in zigzag transversely with black. Greater and 
middle wing coverts similarly marked, hut more finely and obscurely. Greater coverts towards the tip, and the tertials, 
greenish black ; the speculum is white, bordered behind by greenish black ; the white extending across the whole central 
portion of the secondaries. Outer primaries and tips of all brownish black ; inner ones pale gray ; the central line dusky. 
Axillars and middle of the inferior surface of the wing white. Bill blue black. Legs plumbeous. 
Female with the head brown ; the region all round the base of the bill white ; the undulations of black and white on the 
feathers wanting, or but faintly indicated above. Length, 20 ; wing, 9 ; tarsus, 1. 58 ; commissure, 2.16. 
Hub .—Whole of North America and Europe. 
The scaup duck is abundant all along the north Pacific coast during the cold months. Several 
specimens were obtained at Fort Steilacoom.—S. 
The scaup duck is a winter species, associating with the golden eye, and others, in creeks and 
bays, from October till April.—C. 
AYTLIYA VALLISNERIA, (Wilson,) Bonap. 
Canvas-back. 
Anas vallisneria, Wilson, Am. Orn. VIII, 1814, 103; pi. lxx. 
Fuligula vallisneria, Stephens, XII, 1824, 196.—Sw. F. Bor. Am. II, 1831, 451 .—Nuttall, Man. II, 430. 
Aythya vallisneria, Bon. List, 1838 .—Newberry, Bep. P. B. B. VI, iv, 1857, 103 —Baird, Gen. Bep. Birds, 794. 
Fuligula vallisneriana, Add Orn. Biog. IV, 1838, 1 ; pi. 301 .—Ib. Syn. 1839 .—Ib. Birds. Amer. VI, 1843, 299 ; 
pi. 395. 
Sp. Cii.—B ill long, slender, and tapering. Head all round and neck chestnut; the top of the head and region around the 
base of the hill dusky brown. Best of neck, body anterior to the shoulders, back behind, rump and tail coverts, black. 
Under parts white; the region anterior to the anus, the sides, the interscapulars and scapulars, white, finely dotted in 
transverse line with black, the white greatly predominating. Speculum bluish gray, lighter externally; the innermost 
secondaries of the speculum edged externally with black. 
Female with the black and chestnut replaced by brown, the cheeks and chin lighter, and some tinged with dull rufous. 
Length, 20. 10 ; wing, 9. 30 ; tarsus, 1. 70 ; commissure, 2. 65. 
Hah .—Whole of North America. 
The canvas-back duck is found sparingly during the autumn and winter at Fort Dalles, O. T., 
and at Puget Sound. It is much more abundant in the vicinity of San Francisco, where immense 
numbers are brought every winter to the markets.—S. 
The canvas-back duck is abundant during winter in the bays and rivers; frequenting the 
Columbia a hundred miles from its mouth.—C. 
