ZOOLOGY. 
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them around a spring on the high mountain spur between the Yakima and Columbia rivers, 
over 4,000 feet above the sea, and also obtained a few at Chequass, in the Klickatat Pass, at the 
same elevation. I was inclined to think that the great dryness of the summer east of the 
Cascade range had driven them from the trees to seek for water. I found them also, but 
rarely, at Shoalwater bay, where they seem to leave the trees less often. Those which have 
brown markings are much larger than the others, and not so frequently found. 
The shrill “peep” of this frog is often heard, but it is difficult to see the performer in its 
shelter among the green leaves.—C. 
Specimens of this beautiful little tree toad, caught April 3, 1855, had the ground color of 
upper parts pale green, mottled by small irregular patches of a slightly deeper shade, which 
are bordered by streaks of black. Inside of thighs and legs of a yellowish flesh color. 
Black streak from the shoulder to the end of the nose, passing through the centre of the eyes. 
Caught in a dry situation on the upland near Fort Dalles. It is found at a considerable 
distance from water or trees. It is fond of clinging to rocks, but otherwise had the habits of 
a tree toad.—S. 
Tribe II. Uradela.— T ailed Batrachians. 
TARICHA TOROSA, Gray. 
The Warty Salamander. 
Triton torosus, Esch. Zool. Atl. Y, 1833,12 Taf. xxi, fig. 15. 
Triton ermani, Wiegm. in Erman’s Keise um die Erde, 1835, and Arch, fur Naturg, 1836, II, 250. 
Salamandra beecheyi, Gray ; Beechey’s voyage, Zool. 1839, 99. 
Triton granulosus, Skilton, Amer. Journ. Sc. VII, 1849, 202 ; pi. figs. 4 and 5. 
Noiophthalmus torosus, Baird, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Pliilad., 1,1850, p. 284. 
Pleuroddes californiae, Bibr. Mus. Zool. Soc. (Gray.) 
Taricha torosa, Gray, Catal. Amph. Brit. Mus. II, 1850, p. 25.— Girard, U. S. Expl. Exped. Hespetology, 1858, p. 5, 
figs. 1-8. 
Sp. Gh. —Tail longer than the head and body together, compressed, provided with a slightly elevated membranous keel 
upon its upper and lower edges. Tip of toes callous ; inner toes in both pair of limbs very small. Skin granular. Color, 
rich dark brown above, with minute pale dots ; sides and beneath, orange or yellow; iris, gold color. 
This salamander is usually found during the day crawling slowly about the woods, often at 
a considerable distance from the water. They are so slow and stupid as never to attempt to 
get out of the way, and seem, therefore, to be soon exterminated where hogs are allowed to 
range in the woods. I found them far most abundant in the damp spruce forests near the 
coast, but have also found them everywhere as far east as the summits of the Cascade mountains, 
where, at a height of over 4,000 feet above the sea, I obtained the first full grown specimen 
met with, on August 5, 1853. This one, as if to verify the popular fable of the salamander, 
was caught while leisurely crawling through the ashes of our camp fire, no doubt driven out 
of the ground by the heat. I have met with this animal crawling about in January and 
February, but in severe weather it hybernates in the mud at the bottom of ponds, where, if 
shallow, it sometimes is killed by freezing, as I have found a large number dead in this way. 
In March and April they seek the water to spawn, and their loud piping may then be heard 
at night, everywhere, though they are silent at other seasons. In May their spawn is found 
attached to twigs in the water, after which time they seek the land again. I found young 
ones about two inches long in July, which were entirely aquatic, and had external branchiae 
or gills, but in color were exactly like the adult animal. When in the water this is a very 
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