ZOOLOGY. 
311 
salmon. The Indians take them in weirs and by spearing. In curing, the salmon shrinks one- 
half in bulk. This shrinking should take place in the ‘striking tubs’ before packing, that they 
may keep solid.”* 
The salmon of Puget Sound and its affluents are probably not all precisely identical with those 
of the Columbia, although for the most part the species are the same. Puget Sound is an arm 
of the sea running into the land through a gap, called the Straits of Fuca, lying between the 
south end of Vancouver’s Island, and the shores of Washington Territory. It extends to a 
point some two hundred miles in the interior, and notwithstanding the number of fresh mount¬ 
ain streams which empty into it, is apparently as salt at its head as the waters of the ocean 
itself. There are many islands in the sound, and, as a consequence, there are numerous narrow 
crooked passages, so that the whole, when stretched on a map, looks like a cunningly-contrived 
aqueous labyrinth. The streams which empty into the sound for the most part arise in the 
snow ranges on either side. The principal of these are the Nisqually, Puyallup, Dwamish, and 
Snohomish rivers, and adjoining Puget Sound—forming part of the same water system in 
Bellingham bay and the G-ulf of Georgia—we have the Lummi river emptying. All these 
streams are rapid and cold, and, considering the amount of water which flows through them, 
short of extent, the dividing ridges of the mountains being generally not more than sixty or 
seventy miles in a direct line from the sound. 
Puget Sound proper has scarcely any rock bottom, and but two or three reefs. Near Belling¬ 
ham bay, and along the north side of the straits, many rock islands occur. Along the shores 
are many sandspits partially surrounding shallow bays ,in which vast number, of young 
salmonidae feed and live, and where for a short time before the season of entering the rivers 
the adult individuals of each kind may be found. It is in these situations that most of the good 
salmon taken by the Indians during the cold months are caught. Although salmon have been 
as yet unknown to take bait or the fly after entering the rivers of that region, they nevertheless 
are caught in the salt bays in large numbers by the natives. The following plan is pursued : 
A small herring, four or five inches long, is tied to a hook. Some six or eight feet from the 
bait a small round stone is fastened to the line. The stone acts as a “sinker,” keeping the 
bait sunk some six or eight feet below the surface while being “trolled.” The Indian in a 
light canoe paddles about slowly and noiselessly, trolling the line with a jerking motion, and 
not unfrequently taking in the course of a couple of hours several handsome fish, weighing 
from ten to thirty pounds each. The time chosen for this business is generally the two hours 
succeeding day break and an hour or two towards evening. 
Besides the species contained in the list given, there are probably several salmon and trout, 
occurring in the Oregon fauna, which have as yet been undescribed. Some of those known may 
have been formerly described by Bussian naturalists, as already stated. To one unaccustomed 
to the variations in appearance caused by age, sex, and condition, in individuals even of the 
same species, the proper classification of the northwest salmonidee may not seem a difficult 
subject. But practically—-and we hope that we may be pardoned for again reiterating previous 
remarks—the reverse is the case. Added to alterations in color, according to different stages 
of exhaustion, which are as great as those which have rendered the dying dolphin noted, we 
have alterations in contour and a difference in the anatomical appearance of the jaws and 
“After going through the “ striking tubs” lam told that the salmon should be forced into the barrels by a press or 
screw, so that the fish which are piled up to a point one-third higher than the depth of the barrel shall be forced in by the 
barrel “head,” which is pushed down by the screw. Thus closely packed, there is no danger of their “working” and 
becoming disorganized by the motion of a vessel at sea. 
