WHEN AND HOW TO PLANT. 
In this climate during tKe fall is the best time to plant. As our soil 
never freezes deeply in winter, the trees will be renewing their feeding 
roots during the winter, and will thus be ready to grow off rapidly in the 
spring. 
If the land has been properly plowed and subsoiled, there is no need 
of making extra large and deep holes. In setting the trees the earth 
should be rather on the dry side than wet, for it is hard to set a tree in 
wet soil. The chief point to observe in planting is to get the earth 
closely packed about the roots. Never put manure in contact with the 
roots. Good surface soil is all that is needed about the roots, and any 
manure to be used should be put on top the soil as a mulch. Used in this 
way the manure is very important in preserving moisture and feeding 
the tree. It is a good idea to soak the roots in water before planting. 
CULTIVATION OF THE APPLE ORCHARD. 
During the early years of the life of the orchard the thing most 
needed is a good healthy growth. To encourage this well developed 
growth, good cultivation is important. During the time while the trees 
are small there are some hoed crops that can be well grown in it. Corn 
is too tall a crop and too long on the ground. Low-growing garden 
vegetables are far better, especially those that come off the ground in 
early and mid-summer, for the cultivation of an orchard should cease by 
the first of July, so that the growth of the season can be properly ripened. 
At this time the orchard should be sown in peas, and the peas should be 
allowed to die on the land for a soil cover during the winter, and to be 
plowed under in the spring, and the cultivation renewed. This cultivation 
till July, and sowing in peas, should be kept up till the trees have made 
growth enough to be getting into bearing shape. Then a check to the 
rapid growth will tend to the formation of fruit spurs and fruit bearing. 
This, with most varieties, will be when seven or eight years old. We 
would then seed the land down to grass, using a mixture of orchard 
grass, red top and Kentucky blue grass. As fast as the grass gets tall 
enough run the mower through the orchard, and let the cut grass lie to 
decay and form a mulch over the whole land. 
DO NOT PASTURE THE ORCHARD. 
If you intend to turn stock into the orchard to pasture on the grass, 
you will defeat the very object for which the grass is used. If you can¬ 
not resist the temptation to pasture the land, you had better not put it in 
grass, but keep on with the cultivation. Hogs, with noses jeweled to pre¬ 
vent rooting, may at times be allowed in the orchard to gather the wormy 
fruit, but nothing further than this should be attempted. 
MANURING THE ORCHARD. 
During the early years of tree’s life there is no particular objection 
to the use of stable manure in the orchard, for growth is then what is 
wanted. But after the trees are well developed there will be an abundance 
of nitrogenous matter from the plowing under of the peas annually. The 
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