Judd —Pueblo Bonito 
71 
two distinct peoples. These were entirely unrelated; they were emotionally 
unlike, despite the basic similarity of their respective cultures. Culturally, one 
of the two had advanced far beyond the other. So wholly obvious are the 
differences in their architecture—and the product of their minor industries 
differs in equal degree—that we are seemingly justified in assuming these two 
peoples actually spoke different languages. Yet, they dwelt together here, in 
apparent harmony, for many generations. 
The first of these two groups, the actual founders of Pueblo Bonito, had 
built for themselves a composite, terraced structure and had occupied it for a 
considerable period before the second group came to join them. It was this 
latter group, soon to dominate the settlement, that subsequently brought fame 
to Pueblo Bonito and created for it a prestige, the influence of which was felt 
as far away as the Pacific Coast and even the valleys of central Mexico. The 
first group produced a single kind of masonary; the second, more progressive, 
created three kinds. 
These four types of stonework, the most noticeable feature of Pueblo Bonito’s 
evolving architecture, enable us to trace the growth of the community and 
gauge the part played by each of the two component elements in its population. 
The four methods of construction may be described briefly, as follows: The 
first—and I would repeat that this was employed exclusively by the original 
settlers—consists of rather large tabular sandstone slabs, usually chipped on 
the edges, and laid in an abundance of clay mud. (PI. Ill, Fig. 1.) The second 
type, which is that first utilized by the newcomers to Pueblo Bonito, is char¬ 
acterized by sizeable though irregular blocks of soft, friable sandstone pecked 
or rubbed smooth on the face only and chinked with innumerable spalls of 
harder, darker, laminate sandstone. (PI. Ill, Figs. 1 and 2.) The third type, 
developed from the second, features the same carefully dressed blocks of friable 
stone, but laid in bands a foot or more apart and separated by close-lying lamin¬ 
ate fragments about one inch thick. (PL IV, Fig. 1.) In the fourth method 
of construction the dressed blocks w r ere entirely eliminated, laminate sandstone 
being exclusively employed. (PI. IV, Fig. 2.) 
Now masonry of the kind first mentioned was built with stones approximat¬ 
ing the wall thickness and their irregular, chipped edges were unevenly covered 
by a thick layer of clay plaster, pressed into place by the finger tips of the 
builders. This was the characteristic stonework of the original settlers; it did 
not change perceptibly throughout their residence in Pueblo Bonito. In marked 
contrast, every wall erected by the second, or later, group consisted of two 
finished faces with a core of rubble and mud. No other tribe in the United 
States surpassed these people in constructional ability. Their three successive 
types of masonry exhibit a perfection of workmanship—even a feeling for the 
esthetic—rarely observed elsewhere. Yet, except in inner rooms utilized for 
storage, they covered this perfection and beauty with thin adobe plaster. Be¬ 
cause of their superior construction, because so little of their mud mortar was 
exposed to moisture, these later walls stand today as the best in Pueblo Bonito, 
or the whole Southwest for that matter. 
Even in ruin, the old, original village is easily separable from the remainder 
of Pueblo Bonito. These older rooms varied in size and ceiling height; their 
