54 
ORIGINAL ARTICLES. 
tations. The enamel-plates of the seven anterior bands, present 
irregular secondary wavy curves, but they are free, or nearly so, 
from crimping. In this respect, and in being perceptibly thinner, 
they differ considerably from the other Texan lower molar, No. 
33,218 above described. Regarded sidewise, the ridges look very 
thick and massive, and they are retrofracted about half way up, by 
an abrupt flexure, somewhat like the Pourentrui molar figured by 
Blainville, (Elephants, p. 199, PI. X fig. Ya). 
The principal dimensions are r 
[Length of space occupied by 13 worn ridges 8.5 inch. 
Ditto „ by 7 anterior ditto 4.6 „ 
Width of crown in front . . . 3.4 „ 
Ditto in middle . . . . 4.6 „ 
Ditto greatest . . . 4.8 
Greatest height of crown . . . 7.2 „ 
The dimensions above, yield an average of about .7 inch to the 
seven anterior discs, and .65 to the series of thirteen, being considera¬ 
bly less than in No. 33.218. The latter, also, in the thickness and 
undulation of the enamel- plates, resembles more the existing Indian 
Elephant. Although crimping is absent from the fossil under 
description, the great thickness of the ridges, and the limited num¬ 
ber and massiveness of the digitations, remove it from E. primige- 
nius, in which the digitations are slender, and double the number. 
The width of the crown is enormous, being nearly 5 inches, agreeing 
in this respect with the Alabama molar to be noticed in the sequel. 
Although with some doubt, I refer the specimen to E. Columbi. It 
is well fossilized and adheres strongly to the tongue. 
Another specimen, of the same series, (No. 20,702), is 
ment comprising the posterior two-thirds of a left lower penultimate, 
(m. 2.), and including eleven ridges, the talon being wanting. Of 
these the anterior six are partly worn, but none of them into trans¬ 
verse discs; the first three, are in three divisions, each forming a 
flattened ellipse; the enamel is thick, but does not show any con¬ 
siderable amount of crimping. The ridge-plates are nearly vertical, 
and the intact digitations of the hinder ones are thick. The crown 
is well coated with cement. 
a frag- 
The following are the dimensions: 
Length of fragment . . . 7.8 inch. 
Width in front, at middle of plate . , 3.4 „ 
Height where intact at 7th ridge . . 5.7 „ 
The above dimensions yield an average of .7 inch to each 
ridge. The specimen agrees very closely, in every respect, with the 
corresponding molar of the Indian Elephant, and with the characters 
of the lower molar No. 33,218. 
There are other Elephant molars in the Texan series, which 
belong to a different species, to be noticed in the sequel. 
The late Dr. Warren, in his excellent monograph on the ‘ Masto- 
