58 
ORIGINAL ARTICLES. 
right maxillary, part of the malar, and the right half of the palate, 
containing a stupendous last true molar (m. 3), in situ , in fine 
preservation. The posterior half of the alveolus is wanting, leaving 
a great part of the tooth exposed. The anterior part of the crown, 
borne on the large front fang, had been ground away, but its presence 
is distinctly indicated by the fang pit of the inner division, in front 
of the tooth. What remains of it is composed of twenty ridge-plates, 
with a single talon-digitation appended behind. The anterior four¬ 
teen or fifteen are more or less worn, the hinder ones being intact. 
The general plane of the worn surface is quite flat, as is usual in 
Mammoth-molars, and is free from any tendency to the terraced steps 
seen on the crown of JE. Columbi. The discs of wear form narrow 
closely compressed bands, transverse and straight, with no medial 
expansion. The enamel-plates are thin, and as a general rule un¬ 
plaited, although some of them, as in the fifth ridge, exhibit a certain 
amount of fine crimping. The enamel-edges (macJicerides) rise but 
very little in relief above the ivory and cement. The ridge-plates 
are vertical, and enormously high, the fourteenth, which in the germ 
was not the highest, measuring between 10.5 and 11 inches. The 
five hinder plates fall off very rapidly in height. The crown is very 
broad, being but a line or two short of five inches. 
The following are the principal dimensions:— 
Length of crown measured by a tape, over the summit 
from base of talon to anterior fang-pit . . 18.25 in. 
Ditto from hind talon to anterior fang, straight by 
callipers ...... 14.2 ,, 
Width of crown in front 
Ditto at middle of ninth ridge 
3.4 
5.0 
3.5 
10.7 
Ditto behind 
Height of fourteenth ridge 
The ridges are so condensed that the joint length of the posterior 
twelve, having worn discs, amounts only to 6.7 inches, being an 
average of about half an inch to each. The Alabama tooth and this 
Texan molar agree in being of very large size; but they differ 
throughout in the detail of distinctive characters. I can detect 
nothing by which the latter can be distinguished from E. primigenius. 
It is of a colossal size. The substance of the bone and tooth is iron- 
shot, and the matrix is a coarse ferruginous gritty sand, mixed with 
fine gravel. 
The second case is more remarkable aud important, being that of 
the fossil Elephant of the Pliocene Eauna of Niobrara, an affluent of 
the Missouri Diver in Nebraska, the account of which, by Dr. Leidy, 
has excited mueh interest and surprise among Palaeontologists. # 
According to that distinguished naturalist, this extinct Eauna has 
already yielded 3 distinct Canidce; 3 distinct Fdidce; 2 Rodents ; 
8 Ruminants , the majority of them new ; 8 Eguidce, belonging to six 
* Proceed. Acad. Nat. Scien. Philadelp., 1858, p. 20, et xcq. 
