FALCONER ON THE AMERICAN FOSSIL ELEPHANT. 
59 
genera or sub-genera; 1 large Rhinoceros (JR. crassus, Leid.) “ which 
“ appears to have had almost the same size and formula of dentition 
“ as the recent Indian Rhinoceros, JR. Indicus 1 Mastodon of the 
sub-genus Tetralophodon, JMJ. mirificus , Leidy, and a huge Elephant, 
JE. (JEueleph.) imperalor, Leidy. The published descriptive details of 
this Elephant are as yet but very meagre. One specimen only is 
mentioned, being the anterior portion of an upper molar, of larger 
dimensions than any known to the author. The crown is stated to 
be “ within a line or two of five inches in breadth, and within a space 
“ of seven inches, only eight enamel folds or double plates exist.” 
This would give an average of nearly nine-tenths of an inch to each 
ridge, corresponding closely with the proportions yielded by JE. 
Columbia The ridges are described as becoming worn into trans¬ 
verse strongly crenulated ellipses. Dr. Leidy adds, “ that the frag- 
“ ment of the tooth has been assumed to belong to an unnamed 
‘ £ species, from the fact that it was found in association in a fauna 
“ very distinct from any previously noticed. 
§ 3. Range of Habitat and Geological position of JE. Columbi. 
The precise localities where remains of the species occur in 
Mexico, and the conditions under which they are met with, are but 
imperfectly known. The best authenticated site is the ‘ Barranca of 
Regia ’ near Real del Monte, 60 miles north of the city of Mexico. 
It is stated in Silliman’s Journal, that in that region, they are found 
in some places in beds overlaid by lava.f The fragments of Ele¬ 
phant-molars communicated by Humboldt to Cuvier, are said to 
have been found at Hue-buetoca, in the valley, and not far from 
the city of Mexico.J Cuvier describes the remains from Hue- 
huetoca, as detached plates of very large molars, compressed, and 
with the enamel attenuated and barely crimped, as in the Siberian 
Mammoth. Von Meyer states, that the remains brought to Europe 
by Herr Uhde, were met with, partly, in the valley of Toluca, 
near the Hacienda of Salceda, about 9000 feet above the level 
of the sea; partly near the ancient pyramid of Wilcox , on the 
Chilco-Lake, at 7500 feet above the sea, and some others on the 
hills of Chapultepec , about 100 feet above the level of Mexico. § 
M. H. Saussure, in a communication, with which he has very 
courteously favoured me, mentions, that the remains of the 
fossil Elephant, which he brought from Mexico, were met with in 
the deposits of Puebla, and on the slopes of Tacubaya , in the valley 
of Mexico (antea p. 44) ; and that the Mastodon remains occurred,, 
some of them near JKJalapa , others at Atonilco el grande , near Real 
del Monte, and the great mandibule with the elongated beak (antea 
* Idem. p. 29. 
+ Silliman’s American Joiirn. of Scien. 2nd Ser. 1858, p. 283. 
f Cuvier. Oss. Foss. 4to tom. i. p. 157. 
§ Leonhard and Bronn’s Jahrbuch, 1840, p. 581. 
