8 
REVIEWS. 
stood that anything like a true wall now exists; the present appear¬ 
ance, is rather what might have been “ expected from the falling 
“ outwards of a wall of stones, placed, as this was, upon the declivity 
“ of a hill.” "Where it is most distinct it is from fifteen to twenty 
feet wide, by three or four in height. The area thus enclosed is 
about one hundred and forty acres, and the wall is two miles and a 
quarter in length. The stones themselves vary much in size, and 
Messrs. Squier and Davis suggest that the wall may originally have 
been about eight feet high, with an equal base. At present, trees of 
the largest size are growing upon it. Qn a similar work, known as 
“ Tort Hill,” Highland County, Ohio, Messrs. Squier and Davis 
found a splendid chestnut tree, which they suppose to have been six 
hundred years old. “ If,” they say, “ to this we add the probable 
“ period intervening from the time of the building of this work to its 
“ abandonment, and the subsequent period up to its invasion by the 
“ forest, we are led irresistibly to the conclusion that it has an anti- 
“ quity of at least one thousand years. But when we notice, all 
“ around us, the crumbling trunks of trees, half hidden in the accu- 
“ mulating soil, we are induced to fix on an antiquity still more 
“ remote.” 
The enclosure known as Clark’s Work, in Boss County, Ohio, is 
one of the largest and most interesting. It consists of a parallelo¬ 
gram, two thousand eight hundred feet by eighteen hundred, and 
enclosing about one hundred and eleven acres. To the right of this, 
the principal work is a perfect square , containing an area of about 
sixteen acres. Each side is eight hundred and fifty feet in length, 
and in the middle of each is a gateway thirty feet wide, and covered 
by a small mound. Within the area of the great work are several 
smaller mounds and enclosures; and it is estimated that not less 
than three millions of cubic feet of earth were used in this great 
undertaking. 
It has also been observed that water is almost invariably found 
within, or close to these enclosures. 
Sacred and Miscellaneous Enclosures. 
If the purpose for which the works belonging to the first class 
were erected is very evident, the same cannot be said for those which 
we have now to mention. That they were not intended for defence 
is inferred by Messrs. Squier and Davis from their small size, from 
the ditch being inside the embankment, and from their position, 
which is often completely commanded by neighbouring heights. 
Dr. Wilson also (Vol. i. p. 324) follows Sir It. C. Hoare in con¬ 
sidering the position of the ditch as being a distinguishing mark 
between military and religious works. But Gatlin expressly tells us 
that in the Mandan village which he describes, the ditch was on the 
inner side of the embankment, and the warriors were thus sheltered 
while they shot their arrows through the stockade. We see, there¬ 
fore, that, in America at least, this is no reliable guide. 
