2 
REVIEWS. 
listed with forty-eight plates, and no less than two hundred and 
seven woodcuts. 
In his second work, Mr. Squier confines himself to the antiqui¬ 
ties of the State of New York. Within these limits, however, he 
describes many ancient monuments of various kinds, and he feels 
“ warranted in estimating the number which originally existed in 
“ the State at from two hundred to two hundred and fifty.” He 
comes to the conclusion, “ little anticipated,” he says, “ when I started 
“ upon my trip of exploration, that the earthworks of Western New 
“ York were erected by the Iroquois, or their western neighbours, 
“ and do not possess an antiquity going very far back of the dis- 
“ covery.” (sic.) 
The systematic exploration of the ancient remains in Wiscon¬ 
sin, of which the memoir by Mr. Lapham is the result, was under¬ 
taken by him on behalf of the American Antiquarian Society, from 
whose funds the necessary expenses were provided. The cost of the 
publishing, however, which from the great number of engravings 
(fifty-five plates, besides sixty-one wood engravings) was consider¬ 
able, was defrayed by the Smithsonian Institution, and the work is 
included in the Seventh Volume of “Contributions.” As our account 
of the “ Animal Mounds” will be almost entirely derived from the 
data furnished by Mr. Lapham, we will for the moment say no more 
on the subject. 
Mr. Haven’s work is well described in the title, and forms an 
interesting introduction to the study of North American Archaeology. 
He gives us comparatively few observations or opinions of his own ; 
but after a careful examination of what others have written, he comes 
to the conclusion that the ancient earthworks of the United States 
“ differ less in kind than in degree from other remains concerning 
“ which history has not been entirely silent. They are more nume- 
“ rous, more concentrated, and in some particulars on a larger scale 
“ of labour, than the works which approach them on their several 
“ borders, and with whose various characters they are blended. Their 
“ numbers may be the result of frequent changes of residence by a 
“ comparatively limited population, in accordance with a supersti- 
“ tious trait of the Indian nature, leading to the abandonment of 
“ places where any great calamity has been suffered; but they appear 
“ rather to indicate a country thickly inhabited for a period long 
“ enough to admit of fhe progressive enlargement and extension of 
“ its movements.” 
The last work on our list is of a very different nature. It is 
more general and more ambitious. At the same time, it scarcely 
fulfils the promise of its title; for though some portions are suffi¬ 
ciently general, by far the larger part is purely North American. 
It will form the subject of a separate notice in this He view. 
The antiquities themselves fall into two great divisions: Imple¬ 
ments (including ornaments) and Earthworks. The Earthworks 
have been divided by the American Archaeologists into seven classes : 
