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XLI.— Man’s Place in Nature. 
Evidence as to Man’s Place in Nature. By Thomas Henry 
Huxley, Eellow of the Boyal Society. London, 1863. "Williams 
and Norgate. 
Under the title of “Evidence as to Man’s.Place in Nature”—a 
subject which has occasioned much controversy during the last few 
years, as the readers of the Natural History Beview cannot fail to 
be aware—our esteemed colleague, Prof. Huxley, has united three 
essays, the greater part of which “ has been already published in 
the form of oral discourses, addressed to widely different audiences 
during the past three years.” The first of these treats of the “ Na¬ 
tural History of Manlike Apes,” the second is devoted to the 
“ Belation of Man to the lower animals,” and the last gives us an 
account of certain recently discovered fossil remains of man, being 
the well-known fragments of skulls found in the caves of Engis in 
Belgium, and in the Neanderthal in Gfermany. ' 
Prof. Huxley commences his first essay with a review of the 
semi-fabulous Anthropomorpha (as Linnaeus called them), mentioned 
by the older authors. He speaks of the “ Pongo ” of Purchas, the 
“ Orang ” of Tulpius, the “ Pigmie ” of Tyson, and the “ Mandrill ” 
or “ Boggie” of William Smith, and endeavours to ascertain which of 
the Anthropoid Apes were really indicated under these names. He 
then proceeds to the more reliable accounts of modem authorities, 
and shows the gradual process by which after two centuries and 
a-half, we have arrived at the clear result that there are “ four dis- 
“ tinct kinds of Anthropoids: in Eastern Asia the Gibbons and 
“ Orangs; in Western Africa the Chimpanzee and Gorilla.” 
“ Sound knowledge,” observes Prof. Huxley, “ respecting the 
“ habits and mode of life of the manlike Apes has been even more 
“ difficult of attainment than correct information as regards their 
“ structure.” 
“ Once in a generation, a Wallace may be found physically, 
“ mentally, and morally qualified to wander unscathed through the 
“ tropical wilds of America and of Asia; to form magnificent col- 
“ lections as he wanders; and withal to think out sagaciously the 
“ conclusions suggested by his collections: but, to the ordinary 
“ explorer or collector, the dense forests of equatorial Asia and 
“ Africa which constitute the favourite habitation of the Orang, the 
“ Chimpanzee, and the Gorilla, present difficulties of no ordinary 
“ magnitude: and the man who risks his life by even a short visit to 
" the malarious shores of those regions may well be excused if he 
“ shrinks from facing the dangers of the interior; if he contents 
“ himself with stimulating the industry of the better seasoned natives, 
“ and collecting and collating the more or less mythical reports and 
“ traditions with which they are too ready to supply him.” 
