382 
REVIEWS. 
Under these circumstances there is still much to be done before 
a real acquaintance with the habits of the manlike Apes can be 
arrived at, particularly as regards the Chimpanzee and Gorilla. Our 
best authorities at present on the Gibbons as observed in a state of 
nature, are Salomon Muller and Du van cel; on the Orang, Muller and 
Wallace. As concerns the Chimpanzee and Gorilla, Dr. Thomas 
Savage—the discoverer of the latter animal—is our only reliable 
authority. Prof. Huxley gives us full particulars of the habits of 
the manlike Apes as narrated by these witnesses. He abstains from 
quoting Mr. Du Chaillu—popularly supposed to be our only au¬ 
thority on the Gorilla—“ not because of any inherent impossibility 
“ in Mr. Du Chaillu’s assertions, nor from any wish to throw sus- 
“ picions on his veracity, but because so long as his narrative remains 
“ in its present state of unexplained and apparently inexplicable 
“ confusion, it has no claim to original authority respecting any 
“ subject whatever.” 
Prof. Huxley’s second essay, u on the relations of man to the 
lower animals ” is, perhaps the most important of the three. The 
weighty fact that “ man is identical in the physical processes by 
“ which he originates—identical in the early stages of his forma- 
“ tion—identical in the mode of his nutrition, before and after his 
“ birth, with the animals which lie immediately below him in the 
“ scale,” is commented upon by our author as full of significance. 
Man resembles them “ as they resemble one another,” and “ differs 
“ from them as they differ from one another.” 
The problem to be solved is the estimation of the amount of 
difference between Man (considered purely as an animal) and the 
creatures most nearly allied to him. The great Linnaeus, as every one 
knows, arranged Homo simply as a genus of the order Primates, 
Prof. Owen and other authorities whose views are entitled to 
respect, declare that man must form a separate order of the Mam¬ 
malian class. Prof. Huxley invokes the aid of a “ Scientific Saturnian,’’ 
entirely free from all human prejudices, and shows that such a person 
coming to our earth from another planet and calmly discussing this 
question, would necessarily decide that Homo is merely entitled to 
rank as a member of the same order as the Apes and Lemurs of the 
same globe. This order, according to Prof. Huxley’s views, should 
embrace “ seven families, of about equal systematic value”—namely: 
1. Antin'opini containing Man. 
2 . 
3. 
Catarhini 
Platyrhini 
4. Arctopithecini 
5. Lemurini 
6. 0lieiromyini 
7. Galeopithecini 
33 
33 
33 
3 > 
Apes of the Old World. 
Apes of the New World, except the 
Marmosets. 
Marmosets. 
Lemurs. 
Aye-aye. 
Galeopithecus. 
“But if Man,” continues Prof. Huxley, “be separated by no 
