384 
REVIEWS. 
“ between man and the rest of the living world; and between the 
“ forces exerted by the latter and all other forces, I can see no excuse 
“ for doubting that all are co-ordinated terms of Nature’s great pro- 
“ gression, from the formless to the formed—from the inorganic to 
“ the organic—from blind force to conscious intellect and will/’ 
If Man is the modified descendant of a manlike ape or a ramifi¬ 
cation of the same primitive stock, we might expect to discover 
remains of ancient races of Man which would exhibit characters 
intermediate between those of the Anthropini and Catarhini. Prof. 
Huxley’s third essay is occupied with an examination of what is 
now known on this subject. 
The principal fossil human remains hitherto discovered, are those 
of the caves of Engis in Belgium and of the Neanderthal near 
Diisseldorf. These have been pronounced upon competent authority 
to be of the same epoch as the Mammoth (Elephas primigenius) and 
the Woolly Rhinoceros {Rhinoceros tichorhinus). We need not follow 
Prof. Huxley into his discussion of these remains—particularly as the 
facts which he relates must be familiar to all readers of this Journal. 
It is quite sufficient to give the results arrived at after examination 
of these facts in the words of the author, who sums up the case as 
follows:— 
“ In conclusion, I may say, that the fossil remains of Man, hitherto 
“ discovered, do not seem to me to take us appreciably nearer to that 
u lower pithecoid form, by the modification of which he has, probably, 
“ become what he is. And considering what is now known of the 
“ most ancient races of men ; seeing that they fashioned flint axes and 
“ flint knives and bone skewers, of much the same pattern as those 
“ fabricated by the lowest savages at the present day, and that we 
“ have every reason to believe the habits and modes of living of such 
“ people to have remained the same from the time of the Mammoth 
11 and the Tichorhine Rhinoceros till now, I do not know that the 
“ result is other than might be expected. 
“ Where then must we look for primaeval Man? Was the oldest 
“ Homo sapiens pliocene or miocene, or yet more ancient P In still 
“ older strata do the fossilized bones of an Ape more anthropoid, or a 
“ Man more pithecoid, than any yet known await the researches of 
“ some unborn palaeontologist P 
“ Time will show. But in the meanwhile, if any form of the 
“ doctrine of progressive development is correct, we must extend by 
“ long epochs the most liberal estimate that has yet been made of the 
“ antiquity of Man.” 
