538 
ORIGINAL ARTICLES. 
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. 
A, Anterior. B, Posterior. C, Accessory Valleys. 
D, E, F. Anterior, Median, Posterior Colles. 
G, Anterior, H, Posterior “ combing plates.” 
1, Median Groove. 
K, Costae. 
L, Exterior Lamina. 
M, Anterior, N, Posterior Area. 
Fig. 1. Dm 1. Upper Jaw, Wookey Hole. 
2 . 2 . ,, „ 
3. 3. „ „ 
4* 4. ,, ,, 
5. Lower Jaw, containing Dm 1, 2, 3, from Wookey Hole. Exterior View. 
6. „ „ „ „ „ Interior View. 
7. Premolar 2 of the Lower Jaw, right side. 
LVII.—On Animal Dextrine, or Amyloid Substance, its 
History and Physiological Properties. By liobert 
MacDonnell, M.D. 
It is now some years since materials resembling in some respects 
starch or dextrine of vegetable origin, have been recognized in the 
animal organism. The term Amyloid substance, so simply indicating 
this resemblance to starch, has been applied to these materials ; and. 
we now know that under this common name are embraced at least 
two compounds, which appear to be essentially distinct from each 
other. These I have elsewhere proposed to indicate as the Amyloid 
substance of Bernard, (or of the first species) ; and the Amyloid sub¬ 
stance of Yirchow, (or of the second species). The former is that of 
which I treat in the following pages; the latter, discovered by 
Yirchow, in 1854, and now familiarly known to pathologists, although 
possessing many of the structural, chemical and optical properties of 
starch as it occurs in plants, cannot in the present state of our know¬ 
ledge be considered as the animal dextrine. 
The discovery of the Amyloid substance of Bernard was an¬ 
nounced by the distinguished Professor, whose name it bears, at the 
meeting of the Academie des Sciences, held on March 23rd, 1857. 
Professor Bernard, in obedience to his theoretic views as to its use, 
named it “ Glycogenic Substance.” Hensen, somewhat prior to 
Bernard, and quite independently of him, had isolated this substance, 
the discovery of which, without doubt, constitutes one of the most 
important facts of animal physiology. Since its discovery its physi¬ 
ological properties and relations to various organs and tissues have 
been carefully investigated by various physiologists, and by none 
more successfully than by M. Charles Bouget. 
